森林生态系统与生物多样性保护

森林生态系统是地球陆地生态系统的主体,我国具有热带、亚热带、暖温带、温带和寒温带森林生态系统,也是生物物种资源最丰富、最多样的系统。我国森林生态系统有16大类,含185类.它由无数的物种组成,具有复杂的层次结构.巨大的生物产量和强大的物质与能量交换能力,在维持生态平衡方面具有重要的作用。生物物种是经过漫长岁月的自然演化而生存下来的。具有独特的适应生存环境的本领和遗传基因的多样性,抗逆性,蕴藏着巨大的生产潜力。目前各类森林生态系统正遭到严重破坏,丰富多彩的生物物种正面临着逐渐灭绝的境地。保护生物多样性必须保护森林生态系统,也就是保护其生存环境,因为地球上有半数以上的生物物种都栖息在森林生态系统之中.建立自然保护区,加强对保护区领导,明确职责,认真执行有关政策和法令,是保护生物多样性的有效方法。

FOREST ECOSYSTEM AND PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Forest ecosystem is the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem on the earth. Our country has the forest ecosystems of tropical zone, subtropical zone, warm temperatc zone, temperate zone and frigid temperate zone. They are the systems with richest and most diversified resources of biological species. Divided into 16 categories and 185 groups, our forest ecosystem is comprised of a variety of species and complex layer structure. Having massive biomass and the ability to exchange mass and energy with environment, forest ecosystem has important role in maintaining ecological balance. The biological species, which exist through the long natural evolution, has obtained the special ability adjusting thcmsclf to the existing cnvionment, the diversity of genetic gene, resistance to adverse factors, as well as the potential of massive productive. Now the forest ecosystems are being seriously damaged, as a result, the variety of biological species is facing extinction. In order to protect biological diversity, we must protect forest ecosystem, i.e protect its existing envionment, because more than a half of species on the earth is living in forest ecosystem.