红花玉兰潜在引种气候适生区研究

红花玉兰Magnolia wufengensis是近年在湖北五峰发现的木兰科Magnoliaceae木兰属Magnolia植物新种，其树形高大，花被片内外纯红，具有极高的观赏价值，可作为城市绿化树种和山地景观树种。为科学合理开展红花玉兰引种，避免盲目和失败，需要对红花玉兰在中国的可能引种区域进行划分。根据植物引种气候相似性原理，选取年平均气温、最热月平均气温、最冷月平均气温、年极端最高气温、年极端最低气温、年平均降水量、年平均风速、年平均相对湿度、年日照时数等9个气候因子，采用模糊数学中的欧氏距离模糊相似优先比法，并结合层次分析法对红花玉兰进行气候适生区划分，确定了红花玉兰引种的适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区。红花玉兰引种适宜区包括黄淮平原、长江中下游平原、江南丘陵、浙闽丘陵、四川盆地东南部、云贵高原东北部和两广丘陵北部地区。该区受亚热带季风影响，雨热同期，容易形成内涝和病虫害，因此，引种红花玉兰在夏季要及时做好圃地清理、病虫害防治及排水工作；红花玉兰引种次适宜区包括四川盆地西北部、云贵高原西南部、两广丘陵南部、雷州半岛、海南岛和台湾岛、晋冀鲁山地丘陵地带、华北平原、辽东半岛、黄土高原中部及青藏高原东南部地区。该区部分地区持续低温时间较长且极端气温较低，栽植苗龄为3~4年生及以下的红花玉兰易受冻害，应进行越冬防寒；红花玉兰引种不适宜区为东北平原、黄土高原西北部、青藏高原西北部、新疆、内蒙古等地。表 10参33

Potential climatically adaptive regions for the introduction of Magnolia wufengensis

Magnolia wufengensis is a new species in Yulania subgenus, found in Wufeng County, Hubei Province a few years ago, with a tall form and totally red flowers. The species has a high aesthetic value, could be planted as an ornamental tree for horticulture and city landscapes. To introduce M. wufengensis scientifically and successfully, suitable regions in China must be found. Using the principle of Climatic Similarity for introducing plants to a region, nine climatic factors(mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the hottest month, mean temperature of the coldest month, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual wind speed, mean relative humidity, and duration of sunshine), and accordance to the principles of comprehensiveness, detailedness and representativeness, 196 meteorological observation stations in 32 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) of China were selected to study. The methods of fuzzy mathematics in the Euclidean distance of a fuzzy similarity priority ratio together with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were adopted to determine potential climatically adaptive regions for introduction of M. wufengensis. Results showed suitable regions as the Huanghuai Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, the Jiangnan Hills, Zhejiang and Fujian Hills, the southeastern Sichuan Basin, the northeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the northern part of the Guangdong and Guangxi Hills. Sub-suitable regions included the northwestern Sichuan Basin, the southwest of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the southern part of the Guangdong and Guangxi Hills, the Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong mountainous hilly regions, the North China Plain, the Liaodong Peninsula, the middle of the Loess Plateau, and the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Unsuitable regions included the Northeast China Plain, the northwest of the Loess Plateau, the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia. The above results provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and promotion of M. wufengensis in China. It is suggested that introduction should be made in the suitable and sub-suitable areas with a high success rate.