基因分型技术在单核细胞增生性李斯特菌监测溯源上的应用

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes是一种重要的食源性人畜共患病原菌，能引起人和多种动物流产、脑膜炎、肠胃炎、败血症、死胎等病症。与传统基于表型的分型方法相比，基因分型方法具有简单快速、分辨率高、敏感性强、重复性好等特点，在李斯特菌病病原菌的监测和溯源中具有重要的应用价值。对单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的3类基因分型方法:酶切技术，DNA测序技术和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增技术进行了概述，从分型成本、样本通量、分辨力、灵敏度、重复性、快捷性和普及性等方面比较了3类基因分型方法的主要特点，重点评述了这些方法在单核细胞增生性李斯特菌暴发监测和溯源上的应用案例，为研究不同基因分型方法在单核细胞增生性李斯特菌暴发诊断、分型检测及感染溯源等方面的应用提供参考。

Application of genotyping methods to monitoring and source-tracking of Listeria monocytogenes

As an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes could cause people and various animals abortion, meningitis, gastroenteritis, sepsis, stillbirth and other diseases of listeriosis. Compared with the traditional phenotypic typing methods, the genotyping methods were characterized by simplicity and rapidity, high resolution, strong sensitivity and good reproducibility, thus having important application value in the monitoring and source-tracking of L. monocytogenes. In this research, three types of genotyping methods for L. monocytogenes, namely, enzyme digestion, DNA sequencing and PCR amplification were reviewed. The main features of these methods were compared in terms of the genotyping cost, sample throughput, resolution, sensitivity, reproducibility, rapidity and popularity, especially focusing on the application of these methods to the monitoring and source-tracking of L. monocytogenes. The research provided reference for the study of applying different genotyping methods to the diagnosis, typing and source-tracking of L. monocytogenes.