长江流域两系杂交早稻审定和推广现状及对浙江省的启示

长江流域两系杂交早稻发展迅速,截至2015年底,共有139个组合通过省级或者国家新品种审定,其中,通过国家新品种审定的26个,被农业部冠名“超级稻”的品种5个。根据农业部全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计,1998—2015年共有76个两系早稻组合推广面积达到或超过0.67万hm²,累计推广753.1万hm²,其中湖南、湖北、江西3个省份累计推广697.4万hm²,占总面积的92.6%。种业公司是两系杂交早稻选育和推广最重要的力量,育成组合推广面积占总面积的41.6%,湖南省育种单位贡献最大,育成组合在湖南、江西、湖北等多个省份累计推广面积达588.7万hm²。介绍长江流域两系杂交早稻审定和推广的现状,分析主要不育系贡献率及系谱关系,提出浙江省发展两系杂交早稻的优势和对策。

State quo of cultivar registration and extension of first-cropping two-line hybrid rice in Yangtze River Area and its enlightenment to Zhejiang Province

To investigate the rules and present situation on the development of first-cropping two-line hybrid rice in Yangtze River Area, the data of cultivar registration and promotion area during 1998-2015 were collected and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the first-cropping two-line hybrid rice was getting more and more important due to its increasing planting area in the Yangtze River Region. Up to the end of 2015, a total of 139 first-cropping two-line hybrid rice combinations had been registered. Among them, 26 combinations were registered by the National Crop Variety Examination and Approving Committee, and 5 combinations were titled “Super Rice”. 2) According to the Ministry of Agriculture statistics, during 1998 to 2015, there were 76 first-cropping two-line hybrid rice combinations which had promotion area equal to or more than 6 700 hm², with an accumulative promotion area of 7 531 000 hm². Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi were the main first-cropping two-line hybrid rice growing provinces, with an accumulative promotion area of 6 974 000 hm², accounting for 92.6% of the total promotion area. 3) The seeds companies played the most important role in the breeding and promotion of first-cropping two-line hybrid rice, the cultivars from which had an accumulative promotion area accounting for 41.6% of the total promotion area. The breeding organizations from Hunan Province made the greatest contribution, whose cultivars were widely popularized in Hunan, Jiangxi and Hubei, with an accumulative promotion area of 5 887 000 hm². Present thesis introduced the stat quo of cultivar registration and extension of two-line early hybrid rice in Yangtze region, analyzed the contribution of the major sterile lines and their genealogical links, and finally proposed the disadvantages and countermeasures for the development of frist-cropping two-line hybrid rice in Zhejiang Province.