芸香叶片和花瓣释放挥发性有机物成分及其变化规律

为探究芸香Ruta graveolens叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物的成分及其变化规律，采用顶空-固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对芸香叶片和花瓣中释放的挥发性有机物成分进行采集，分析叶片和花瓣中挥发性有机物的主要成分、相对含量及叶片在不同时期挥发性有机物成分的差异。结果表明:1 a中不同季节芸香释放的挥发性有机物共鉴定出29种，其中酯类化合物11种，酮类化合物7种，为芸香挥发物的主要成分。1 a中，芸香叶片释放的挥发性有机物的种类呈先增加后减少的趋势；其中，6月检测到的挥发性有机物种类最多，为18种；9月最少，仅为10种。主要成分酯类物质的相对含量呈先上升后下降趋势，酮类化合物呈先下降后上升趋势。在6月的日变化检测中，挥发性有机物的种类呈先增多后减少趋势，依次为12:00 > 10:00 > 14:00 > 16:00，18:00 > 8:00 > 20:00，在12:00达到高峰，以酯类和酮类化合物为主。芸香花瓣释放的挥发性有机物种类少于叶片，主要成分为酮类化合物，以2-十一（烷）酮为主。芸香叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物的主要成分均具有一定的药用保健作用，因此，芸香是营造保健型植物景观的理想材料。

Components and variations of volatile organic compounds released from leaves and flowers of Ruta graveolens

In order to reveal dynamic changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released in different stages of Ruta graveolens, leaves and flowers were used as materials to determine the components, relative content, and releasing dynamics of VOCs using the methods of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed 29 VOCs that were identified in different seasons of the year. The major VOCs released from leaves of R. graveolens were esters (11 components) and ketones (7 components). Components released from leaves over one year were the most in June (18 components) and the least in September (10 components). Relative content for esters was the most in June and the least in December, but for ketones was the most in December and the least in June. In the course of one day, VOC components were the order at the following daytime hours:12:00 > 10:00 > 14:00 > 16:00 > 18:00 > 8:00 > 20:00; values at 12:00 were maximum, mainly esters and ketones. Major components released from flowers (esters having 2-undecanone as the primary VOC) were much less than from leaves. The major components released from leaves and flowers all had medical and health care benefits. Thus, R. graveolens, an admirable ornamental plant, could be a healthy and aromatic plant for improving a landscape.