不同土壤改良措施对盐碱地燕麦生长发育及产量的影响

为探究盐碱农田不同改良措施对燕麦生长发育及产量的影响,于2017—2018年在内蒙古农业大学科技示范园区盐碱地进行大田试验,设空白对照、施用土壤改良剂、秸秆还田1年和秸秆还田2年4个处理,监测燕麦生长发育及产量的变化。结果表明,施用土壤改良剂和秸秆还田对燕麦株高、干物质量均有一定的影响。其中,秸秆还田2年处理显著提高了燕麦各生育时期的株高,苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期分别较空白对照提高了17.39%、2.86%、28.10%、8.82%和21.00%;秸秆还田2年处理显著提高了抽穗期和灌浆期燕麦干物质量,分别较空白对照提高了7.03%和7.79%;对产量构成因素,秸秆还田2年提高了单株小穗重、燕麦籽粒产量,分别较空白对照提高了5.88%、4.73%。由此可知,盐碱农田连续2年秸秆还田可促进燕麦生长发育和提高其产量。

Effects of Different Soil Improvement Measures on Growth, Development and Yield of Oat in Saline-alkali Land

In order to explore the effects of different improvement measures on the growth and yield of oats in saline-alkali land, this experiment was conducted on saline-alkali land in the Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in 2017-2018. In this experiment, four treatments, blank control (CK), application of soil improver, one year of straw return to the field and two years of straw return to the field, were used to monitor the growth and development of oats and yield changes. The results showed that soil amendment and straw returning to the field had certain effects on these characters. And the return of straw to the field for two consecutive years significantly increased the plant height of oats at various growth stages, which were 17.39%, 2.86%, 28.10%, 8.82%, and 21.97% higher than CK, respectively. The dry matter yield of oats at the filling stage and maturity stage increased by 7.03% and 7.79% respectively compared to CK. For yield components, two years of straw return to the field significantly increased the spikelet weight per plant and the spikelet weight per plant by 5.88% and 8.25% respectively than CK. Returning straw to the field for two consecutive years increased the oat grain yield, which was 4.73% higher than that of CK. Therefore, in saline-alkaline farmland, continuous straw mulching is beneficial to the growth and development of oats and increase yield.