我国暗管排水技术发展历史、现状与展望

暗管排水技术是我国盐碱地改良、涝渍区排水、南方稻田养分管理的重要技术之一。21世纪前20年暗管排水技术蓬勃发展,综述其发展历史和现状有助于读者全面、系统地了解该项技术,掌握其未来的发展方向。基于CNKI、万方、维普、百度学术和Elsevier数据库及国家自然科学基金委网站、百度搜索等平台,采用数据统计分析方法对暗管排水技术发展动态、用途变化、应用的空间分布、应用面积和服务对象等进行分析。研究发现,近50年来我国暗管排水发展主要分为初步探索期(1976—1998年)、渐进发展期(1999—2008年)与蓬勃发展期(2009—2020年);江苏和山东为暗管排水技术研究的热门研究省份;水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花是我国暗管排水技术主要的服务对象;暗管排水技术正在盐碱地改良领域快速发展,主要以淋洗土壤盐分为主。水盐调控技术一体化以及暗管生态修复将是未来暗管排水发展的重要方向。随着暗管、滤料等材料的更新和暗管施工机械智能化铺设效率的提高,暗管排水技术的应用领域将更加广泛。

Development history, present situation, and the prospect of subsurface drainage technology in China

Subsurface drainage technology is important for the improvement of saline-alkali land, the drainage of waterlogged areas, and the nutrient management in rice fields. In the first 20 years of this century, subsurface drainage technology developed rapidly; thus, a review of its development history and the present situation will provide a comprehensive understanding of this technology and highlight its future development. Data were obtained from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipu, Baidu Academic, and Elsevier and the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baidu Search. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the development trends, use changes, spatial distribution of application, application area, and service objects of subsurface drainage technology. The results showed that for the past 50 years, the development of China''s subsurface drainage technology was divided into a preliminary exploration period (1976-1998), a gradual development period (1999-2008), and a vigorous development period (2009-2020). Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces were areas of intense research on subsurface drainage technology, and rice, wheat, corn, and cotton were the main service objects of subsurface drainage engineering in China. For saline-alkali land improvement, subsurface drainage techniques had developed rapidly, mainly for leaching soil salt. The integration of water and salt control technology and the ecological restoration of subsurface drainage represented an important direction for future development of subsurface drainage technology. With the renewal of subsurface drainage, new filter materials, and improvements to the intelligent laying efficiency of subsurface drainage construction machinery, the application of subsurface drainage technology will be more extensive.