河西内陆灌区粮饲通用玉米超高产栽培优化农艺措施研究

采用4因素5水平二次通用旋转组合设计,探索河西内陆灌区粮饲通用玉米超高产栽培优化农艺措施,研究密度(X_1)及氮肥(X_2)、磷肥(X_3)、钾肥(X_4)主要栽培因子对耐密抗倒玉米正德305产量的影响,建立产量与4个因素之间的回归数学模型。通过模型解析寻优表明,4个因素对玉米产量效应的主次为氮肥密度钾肥磷肥,且密度和氮肥对产量的影响显著。本试验条件下,获得产量≥16 000 kg/hm~2的最优农艺措施方案,密度10.1万～10.8万株/hm~2,施N量264.3～289.95 kg/hm~2,施P_2O_5量155.48～187.8 kg/hm~2,施K_2O量152.6～166.5 kg/hm~2。高产创建示范田验证表明,构建的模型准确,可为玉米超高产栽培提供技术支撑。

Optimizing Agronomic Measures for Super High Yield Cultivation of General Grain and Feeding Corn in the Inland Irrigation Area of Hexi Corridor

In order to explore the optimal agronomic measures for super-high-yield culture of general grain and feeding corn in the inland irrigation area of Hexi corridor, the general quadratic rotation combination design, in which, 4 factors were included and 5 levels were involved, was used study the effects of such main cultivation factors as density(X₁), nitrogen fertilizer(X₂), phosphate fertilizer(X₃) and potassium fertilizer(X₄) on the yield of Zhengde305, a corn cultivar of density-tolerance and lodging resistance. Hence, a regression mathematical model between yield and the 4 factors was established. According to the model analysis, it was illustrated that the 4 factors had the effects on the yield of maize as follows: X₂ > X₁ > X₄ > X₃, among them, X₂ and X₁ both have significant effects on the yield. Therefore, under the experimental conditions of this study, the optimal agronomic measures for a yield greater than or equal to 16 000 kg/ha were: planting density of 101 000 plants/ha to 108 000 plants/ha, nitrogen application of 264.3 kg/ha to 289.95 kg/ha, P₂O₅ application of 155.48 kg/ha to 187.80 kg/ha, and K₂O application of 152.6 kg/ha to 166.5 kg/ha. With the verification of demonstration field, it was proved that the model was accurate, potentially, which could provide technical support for super high-yield culture of corn.