东北春玉米子粒生理成熟期含水率差异分析

2017~2018年在内蒙古开鲁、辽宁铁岭试点，对8个共用品种生理成熟期子粒含水率进行观测，分析受子粒脱水成熟阶段（生理成熟前的15 d）积温变化的影响。结果表明，同一品种在不同地点、不同年份生理成熟期子粒含水率存在显著差异，其中，8个品种在不同地点间的差异平均达到2.31个百分点（变幅0.8~4.3），在不同年份间的差异平均达到2.91个百分点（变幅0.7~5.4），环境因素对子粒达到生理成熟的日期和含水率有显著影响，且环境和品种之间具有显著的互作效应。不同熟期玉米品种生理成熟期子粒含水率与生育期无显著相关，生育期（x）越长的品种，生理成熟期子粒含水率在不同地点、不同年份之间的差值（y）越大，两者符合y=0.161 9x-21.454，R2=0.736**（n=16）。子粒脱水成熟阶段积温对该阶段的脱水速率及生理成熟期子粒含水率具有显著影响，温度低、脱水慢的地区和年份玉米生理成熟期子粒含水率偏高，晚熟品种受影响程度明显大于早熟品种。

Analysis on Moisture Content Difference of Spring Maize at Physiological Maturity in Northeast China

During 2017 to 2018, the experiment was conducted in Kailu, Inner Mongolia and Tieling, Liaoning to observe grain moisture content of 8 common varieties at the physiological maturity stage, and to analyze the effects of accumulated temperature changes at the mature stage(15d before physiological maturity) of grain dehydration. The results showed that, the same varieties in different locations and different years had different grain moisture content at physiological maturity. The differences of 8 varieties at different location reached an average of 2.31 (ranging from 0.8 to 4.3) percentage point, and the differences between different years reached an average of 2.91 (ranging from 0.7 to 5.4) percentage point. Environmental factors had effects on the date of physiological maturity and the moisture content, and there existed significant interaction effects between varieties and environments. There was no significant correlation between the grain moisture content at the physiological maturity stage and the length of the growth stage, but the longer at the growth stage(x) was difference(y) in the grain moisture content at the physiological maturity stage between different locations and different years, which fit y=0.161 9x-21.454, R2=0.736** (n=16). The accumulated temperature at the mature stage of grain dehydration had a significant influence on the dehydration rate and the grain moisture content at the physiological maturity stage. The moisture contents at the physiological maturity stage were relatively high in the areas with low temperature and slow dehydration.