不同施肥对鲜食玉米生长及肥料农学利用率的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析比较了不同施肥处理对鲜食玉米生长指标、产量、品质、光合特性、土壤酶活性以及肥料农学利用率等指标的影响。试验共设置5个处理,分别为:CK(不施用任何肥料),T1(常规化肥用量+普通有机肥),T2(常规化肥用量+生物有机肥),T3(化肥减施30%+生物有机肥),T4(化肥减施30%+生物有机肥+氨基酸叶面肥)。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,各施肥处理玉米产量、品质、光合特性及土壤酶活性均呈增加趋势;(2)常规化肥用量条件下,生物有机肥处理(T2)与普通有机肥处理(T1)相比,玉米株高、茎粗、SPAD值分别增加了11.91%、5.07%、5.25%;可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及Vc含量分别增加了5.39%、6.48%和16.62%;玉米叶片光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别增加了3.44%、4.22%和16.19%;(3)化肥减量条件下,T4处理较T3处理,玉米叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、土壤蔗糖酶活性分别增加16.26%、14.05%和23.82%,叶片胞间CO_2浓度显著降低41.05%;氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的农学利用率分别提高71.10%、146.25%和146.25%。综上所述,在化肥减施条件下,配施生物有机肥和氨基酸叶面肥可以提高作物产量、改善作物品质、促进土壤蔗糖酶活性的增加、提高肥料农学利用率,值得在田间进行示范推广。

Effects of Different Fertilization on Fruit Maize Growth and Fertilizer Agronomic Utilization Rate

Objectives] In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of Fresh-eating maize and the agronomic utilization efficiency of fertilizer. Methods]The effects of different treatments on growth index, yield, quality, photosynthetic characteristics, soil enzyme activity and fertilizer agronomic utilization rate of fruit maize were analyzed and compared through field plot experiments,. Five treatments were set up: CK (no fertilizer), T1 (conventional fertilizer + conventional organic fertilizer), T2 (conventional fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer), T3 (chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer), T4 (chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer + amino acid foliar fertilizer). Results]The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, maize yield, quality, photosynthetic characteristics and soil enzyme activity showed an increasing trend; (2) Compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (T1), plant height, stem diameter and SPAD value of bio-organic fertilizer treatment (T2) increased by 11.91%, 5.07%, respectively. 5.25%; soluble protein, soluble sugar and Vc increased by 5.39%, 6.48% and 16.62% respectively; photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of maize leaves increased by 3.44%, 4.22% and 16.19% respectively; (3) under the reduction of fertilizer application, T4 treatment significantly promoted chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and soil sucrose content than T3 treatment. The activities of enzymes increased by 16.26%, 14.05% and 23.82% respectively. On the other hand, the intercellular CO₂ concentration of leaves was significantly reduced by 41.05%. The agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased by 71.10%, 146.25% and 146.25%, respectively. Conclusions]In conclusion, under the condition of reducing fertilizer application, the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer can improve crop yield, crop quality, soil invertase activity and fertilizer agronomic efficiency, which is worthy of demonstration and promotion in the field.