四川省绵阳市某肉兔养殖场寄生虫感染情况调查

为初步了解四川省绵阳市规模化养兔场的寄生虫感染情况,以便制定高效的防控策略,2019年5月应用饱和盐水漂浮法和循序水洗沉淀法,选取某大型规模化养兔场,随机采集111份肉兔新鲜粪便样品进行寄生虫检测,并进一步用麦克马斯特法对检测为阳性的粪便进行虫卵计数。寄生虫检测结果显示:111份兔粪便样品中,54份为阳性,平均阳性率为48.65%;共检出球虫和线虫两大类胃肠道寄生虫,其中球虫阳性率为47.75%,线虫为1.80%,混合阳性率为0.9%;小于3月龄兔的寄生虫阳性率(95.45%)高于3~6月龄兔(48.89%)和6月龄以上兔阳性率(25.00%),差异显著(P<0.05);公兔的寄生虫阳性率为44.00%,母兔为33.33%,经卡方检验,得到卡方值为0.956,自由度为1,说明兔场寄生虫阳性率与宿主性别不相关。虫卵计数结果显示:54份阳性粪便样品中,球虫每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)最高为98600,平均值为15760;线虫每克粪便虫卵数(EPG)最高为1000,平均值为800;小于3月龄患兔大多为重度感染,而大于3月龄患兔多数为低强度感染。结果表明,绵阳市兔场球虫感染率较高,以球虫感染为主,且感染与兔月龄密切相关其中幼龄兔感染最为严重,由此建议兔场重视幼龄兔的饲养管理并提前驱虫。

Investigation on Parasitic Infection in a Rabbit Farm in Mianyang City of Sichuan Province

In order to identify parasitic infection in large-scale rabbit farms in Mianyang City of Sichuan Province to develop effective prevention and control strategies,111 samples of fresh feces randomly collected from a rabbit farm were detected for parasites by the saturated salt flotation and sequential washing sedimentation in May 2019,then the worm eggs within the positive feces were counted by the McMaster's method.It was shown that,by parasite detection,54 out of the 111 samples were positive with the average positive rate of 48.65%;Coccidium and Nematodes,two categories of gastrointestinal parasites were detected,in which the positive rate of Coccidium was 47.75%,that of Nematodes was 1.80%,with a mixed positive rate of 0.9%;the positive rate of parasites in rabbits less than 3 months old(95.45%)was higher than that in those of 3 to 6 months old(48.89%)and those over 6 months old(25.00%),with the obvious difference(P<0.05);the positive rates of parasites in male and female rabbits were 44.00%and 33.33%,respectively,the chi square value was 0.956 with one degree of freedom,which indicated that the positive rate was not related to the sex of host.It was shown that,by egg counting,the highest number of Coccidium oocysts per gram of feces(OPG)was 98600 with the mean value of 15760,while the highest number of Nematodes eggs per gram of feces(EPG)was 1000 with the mean value of 800;most infected rabbits less than 3 months old were seriously infected,and those over 3 months were slightly infected.In conclusion,the infection rate with Coccidium was higher,especially in young rabbits that should be given high priority and de-wormed in farms.