加温饲养和定时饲喂对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响

试验旨在探索对仔猪床进行加温处理以及采用定时饲喂的方式的对早期断奶仔猪不同肠段黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响,从而为确定断奶仔猪适宜的饲养温度和科学的饲喂方式提供理论依据。试验采用2×2因子设计。选用21日龄杜长大断奶仔猪240头,随机分到4个处理组:1):28~30℃的仔猪床加温处理组;2)23~25℃的低温对照组(炉火暖气管道舍内加热);加温处理组和低温对照组中又根据不同的饲喂模式分为每天6次定时饲喂组和自由采食组。每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。经过14 d的试验之后,在每圈仔猪中随机抽取1头,屠宰后取样检测小肠黏膜的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。结果表明:加温饲养组(28~30℃)的仔猪空肠中段的绒毛高度显著高于低温对照组(23~25℃)(P<0.05)。加温饲养组十二指肠的隐窝深度和空肠中段的肠壁厚度显著低于低温对照组(P<0.05)。定时饲喂饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于自由采食饲养的仔猪(P<0.05)。定时饲喂组仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度和十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于自由采食组(P<0.05)。2因子的互作效应表明:加温定时饲喂组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于其他处理组。低温自由采食组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。加温定时饲喂组的仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。由结果可知,28~30℃的加温饲养组以及定时饲喂的饲喂模式有利于仔猪的肠道黏膜形态的改善,有益于肠道的发育和健康。

Effects of heating feeding and regular feeding on intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal development in weaned piglets

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of heating piglets'beds and regular feeding on different intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal development of early weaned piglets,so as to provide theoretical basis for determining appropriate feeding temperature and scientific feeding mode of early weaned piglets.The experiment adopts 2×2 factor design.240 piglets at 21 days old were selected and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups:1):piglet bed warming treatment group at 28~30℃;2)low temperature control group at 23~25℃(furnace heating pipeline heating in the house).According to different feeding patterns,the heating treatment group and the low-temperature control group were divided into 6 times of regular feeding group and the free feeding group.There were 6 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate.After 14 days of experiment,one piglet was randomly selected from each lap.After slaughter,samples were taken to detect the villi height,recess depth and intestinal wall thickness of small intestinal mucosa.The results showed that the villi height of jejunal disruption of piglets in the warm feeding group(28~30℃)was signifi cantly higher than that in the low temperature control group(23~25℃)(P<0.05).The villi height in the middle section of jejunum of piglets in the warming feeding group was signifi cantly higher than that in the low temperature control group.The depth of duodenal recess and the thickness of intestinal wall of jejunal disruption were significantly lower than those of the cryogenic control group(P<0.05).The height of the broken down villi of the jejunum of the regularly fed piglets was signifi cantly higher than that of the free-feeding piglets(P<0.05).The intestinal wall thickness and duodenal recess depth of jejunal disruption in the regular feeding group were signifi cantly lower than those in the free feeding group(P<0.05).The interaction effect of factor 2 indicated that the villi height of the rear jejunum of piglets in the warmed and regular feeding group was signifi cantly higher than that in other treatment groups.The villi height of jejunal hind break of piglets in the low-temperature free feeding group was signifi cantly lower than that in other treatment groups(P<0.01).The thickness of intestinal wall of jejunal disruption of piglets in the warmed and regularly fed group was signifi cantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.01).The results showed that the heating group at 28~30℃and the regular feeding mode were benefi cial to the improvement of intestinal mucosal morphology and the development and health of the intestinal tract of piglets.