宽幅带播对冬小麦冠层微环境及水分利用效率的影响

以大面积推广的多穗型品种矮抗58为供试材料，在大田条件下研究宽幅带播（幅宽8 cm）种植模式下不同带间距7 cm(KF7)、12 cm(KF12)和17 cm(KF17)对冬小麦冠层光截获、冠层温度、湿度、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。结果表明，与常规条播相比，宽幅带播群体光截获量、相对湿度和水分利用效率较高，而冠层温度较低，水分利用效率提高2.69%～13.72%，穗数增加13.82%～17.33%，产量提高3.12%～15.39%。宽幅带播下带间距增大，冠层光截获量以及湿度降低，而冠层温度则升高；宽幅带播随带间距增加，成穗数减少。在本试验条件下，KF12处理的小麦冠层结构合理，光能截获充分，冠层微环境适宜，水分利用效率最高，产量因素最为协调。

Effects of Wide Bed Planting on Canopy Microclimate and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

Spacing interval is a cultivation technique to win high yield in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spacing interval on canopy microclimate and water use efficiency under different planting patterns wide bed planting methods with 8 cm drilling width and conventional drilling planting methods with 2 cm drilling width. A field experiment was conducted with multi spike winter wheat cultivar Aikang 58 with three spacing intervals of 7 cm(KF7), 12 cm (KF12) and 17 cm (KF17) for wide bed planting methods and 20 cm of row spacing for conventional drilling planting methods(CK) in the growing seasons of 2010-2011. Time course measurements were taken on canopy light interception and canopy temperature, relative humidity, water use efficiency and yield during the experimental periods. The results showed that compared with conventional drilling planting methods, light interception, water use efficiency and relative humidity for wide bed planting methods was higher, while the canopy temperature was lower, subsequently water use efficiency increased by 2.69%-13.72%, spikes numbers per unit area increased by 13.82%-17.33% and yield increased by 3.12%-15.39%, respectively. Light interception and relative humidity decreased, and canopy temperature increased with increased spacing interval under wide bed planting methods. Spike number per unit area decreased with increased spacing interval, grain number per spike and grain weight were the highest in KF12 treatment, and the grain yield of KF12 treatment is the highest. It can be concluded that 12 cm spacing interval under wide bed planting methods can be used as feasible and promising planting patterns with reasonable canopy architecture, sufficient light distribution and interception, favorable filling microclimate and high water use efficiency.