化肥减量配施生物菌肥对色素辣椒生长的影响

【目的】研究常规化肥与生物菌肥在加工辣椒上合理的配施用量,为色素型加工辣椒化肥与生物肥科学使用提供理论依据。【方法】以红龙23号为材料,研究生物菌肥与不同比例化肥配施对色素型加工辣椒生长的影响效应。设置田间单因素区组实验,采用生物统计学方法,对比100%滴施常规化肥(尿素60 kg/667m²+磷酸二氢钾45 kg/667m²,T₁-CF)、滴施生物菌肥(40 kg/667m², T₂-BF)、100%化肥+生物菌肥(T₃-100%CF+BF)、减施化肥10%+生物菌肥(T₄-90%CF+BF)、减施化肥20%+生物菌肥(T₅-80%CF+BF)和不施肥(T₆)6种处理色素辣椒的生长发育、产量品质及植株与土壤中养分变化。【结果】100%化肥与40 kg/667m²生物菌肥配施在促进株高和主茎生长及结果数方面效果最优,且这种促进作用随着生育期的推进更为明显。单施生物菌肥及化肥与生物菌肥配施均显著降低了辣椒疫霉病和果脐腐病发病率,疫霉病较对照降低了2~4倍。较2种肥料单施,化肥与生物配施显著提高了单株成椒数和单果重,90%化肥+生物菌肥和100%化肥+生物菌肥处理较对照干椒增产1倍多,增产效益显著且处理间差异不大。化肥与菌肥合理配施明显改善了色素辣椒的营养品质,100%化肥+生物菌肥色价值最高,达到23.14,化肥减施10%~20%量对色价影响不大,化肥减施10%配施生物菌肥显著提高了辣椒果实VC和可溶性蛋白含量,而生物菌肥单施辣椒可溶性糖含量最高。【结论】化肥与生物菌肥配施促进了植株氮和钾养分的吸收和积累,提高了土壤中有机质养分含量,化肥减施10%~20%有利于土壤中速效磷和速效钾养分的活化和积累。化肥减施10%配施40 kg/667m²生物菌肥的综合效益最显著。

Effects of Combined Application of Bio-Bacterial Manure with Reduced Chemical Fertilizer on Pigment Pepper Growth

【Objective】 The present project is conducted to clarify the suitable application dosage of biological bacterial manure combined with reducing chemical fertilizer on processing pepper. 【Methods】 The 'Honglong 23' was used as the test material. This study designed field random of single factor experiment to research the effects of 100% application of conventional chemical fertilizer (N 27.6, P₂O₅ 23.18 and K₂O 33.9 kg/667m², T₁-CF ), single application of bio-bacterial manure (40 kg/667m², T₂-BF), combined application of 100% chemical fertilizer with bio-bacterial manure (T₃-100%CF+BF), combined application of 90% chemical fertilizer with bio-bacterial manure (T₄-90%CF+BF), combined application of 80% chemical fertilizer with bio-bacterial manure (T₅-80%CF+BF) and no fertilizer (T₆-CK) on pigment pepper growth, yield and quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method. 【Results】 The effects on promoting the plant height, stem diameter and the fruit numbers in 100% chemical fertilizer application combined with 40 kg/667m² bio-bacterial manure treatment were significantly better than other treatments, and this promotion effect was more obvious with the advancing of the growth period. Both single application of biological bacteria fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and biological bacteria fertilizer significantly reduced the incidence of Phytophthora capsici and navel rot, and Phytophthora decreased by 2-4 times compared with the control. The numbers of red pepper per plant and the fruit weight in chemical fertilizer combined with bio-bacterial manure treatment were significantly higher than single application of bio-bacterial manure or single application of chemical fertilizer. The yields of dry pepper in 100% CF+BF and 90% CF+BF treatments increased more than 1 times when compared with no fertilizer treatment, and the yield-increasing effect of this two treatments was most obvious. The nutrition quality of pigment pepper was significantly improved when combined application of bio-bacterial manure with chemical fertilizer, and the color value was the highest in 100% CF+BF treatment and which could reach to 24.15, and even if the application of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 10%-20%, it had no significant effect on color value; the content of VC and soluble protein in 90% CF+BF treatment was significant higher than that in other treatments, while the content of soluble sugar was the highest in single application BF treatment. 【Conclusion】 Meanwhile, the chemical fertilizer application combined with bio-bacterial manure was beneficial to the absorption and accumulation of plant N and K nutrition and significant increasing the soil organic matter, and the application of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 10%-20% combined with bio-bacterial manure was beneficial to the activation and accumulation of available P and K nutrients. This result showed that chemical fertilizer reducing had positive promotion effect on plant-soil nutrition. the comprehensive benefit of fertilizer reduction by 10% and application of 40 kg/667m² biological bacteria fertilizer was the most significant. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the scientific use of pigment processing pepper fertilizer and biological fertilizer in pepper fields.