氮肥减施与氨基酸液体肥增施对露地膜下滴灌洋葱生长、产量和品质的影响

【目的】分析减少不同氮肥施用量和增施不同氨基酸液体肥施用量对洋葱植株性状、产量和品质的影响。【方法】以白皮洋葱白雪为试材,设置4个施氮水平,25(CK)、20(N₁)、17.5(N₂)、15 kg/667m²(N₃);3个氨基酸液体肥施用量,22(M₁)、26(M₂)、28 kg/667m²(M₃),共10个处理。在洋葱鳞茎膨大中期测洋葱形态指标,在采收时测洋葱鳞茎形态指标和产量指标,采收后测洋葱鳞茎的品质指标。【结果】在减氮20%(N₁)、30%(N₂)这2组中,随着氨基酸液体肥使用量的增加,与CK相比,洋葱植株形态指标的株高、茎粗与叶长较CK平均分别增加了4.09%、3.91%、7.51%与4.76%、5.74%、6.90%;洋葱植株鳞茎的横茎与纵茎较CK平均分别增加了3.27%、4.86%与3.19%、4.71%;洋葱的产量较CK平均增加了10%、6.61%;品质指标上,硝酸盐含量较CK平均降低了30.11%、25.53%;可溶性固形物较CK平均增加了6.68%、8.86%;可溶性蛋白较CK平均增加了43.09%、75.61%;VC含量较CK平均增加了1.64、1.58(mg/100g)。减氮20%(N₁)与30%(N₂)施用氨基酸液体肥这2组之间相比,前者比后者产量和经济效益平均分别增加了3.15%、3.43%;品质指标上可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白与可溶性糖含量后者较前者平均分别增加了2.10%、23.08%与20.40%。【结论】减氮量为20%(N₁)时,氨基酸液体肥施用量为M₁、M₂时,洋葱的产量最高,品质较好;减氮量为30%(N₂)时,氨基酸液体肥施用量为M₁、M₂时,洋葱的品质表现的最好,产量指标较好。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Amino Acid Liquid Fertilizer Increase on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Onion under Drip Irrigation under Mulch

【Objective】 The effects of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increasing the amount of liquid amino acid fertilizer on the shape, yield and quality of onion plants were studied based on the experience of applying nitrogen fertilizer. 【Methods】 In this experiment, four different nitrogen application levels were designed, which were 25 (CK), 20 (N₁), 17.5 (N₂), kg/667 m² (N₃), three different amino acid liquid fertilizer application levels were designed, which were 22 (M₁), 26 (M₂),kg/667 m² (M₃) and ten different treatments were set. In the middle stage of onion bulb expansion, the morphological index and yield index of onion were measured, and the quality index of onion bulb was measured after harvesting. 【Results】 Compared with CK, the plant height, stem diameter and leaf length of onion increased by 4.09%, 3.91%, 7.51% and 4.76%, 5.74% and 6.90% respectively; the horizontal and vertical stems of onion plant increased by 3.27%, 4.86% and 3.19%, 4.71% respectively; the yield of onion plant increased by 3.27%, 4.86% and 3.19%, 4.71% respectively Compared with CK, the yield increased by 10% and 6.61% on average; nitrate content decreased by 30.11% and 25.53% on average; soluble solids increased by 6.68% and 8.86% on average; soluble protein increased by 43.09% and 75.61% on average; VC content increased by 1.64 and 1.58 (mg/100g) on average. The yield and economic benefit of the former group increased by 3.15% and 3.43% respectively compared with the latter group, and the content of soluble solid, soluble protein and soluble sugar in the quality index increased by 2.10%, 23.08% and 20.40% respectively compared with the former group. 【Conclusion】 When the amount of nitrogen reduction is 20% (N₁), the yield of onion is the highest and the quality is better when the amount of amino acid liquid fertilizer is M₁ and M₂; when the amount of nitrogen reduction is 30% (N₂), the quality of onion is the best and the yield index is better when the amount of amino acid liquid fertilizer is M₁ and M₂.