无核葡萄剥胚胚挽救技术关键影响因子

以5个无核葡萄杂交组合金星无核×希姆劳特、奥迪亚无核×金星无核、火焰无核×森田尼无核、百乐无核×金星无核、安艺无核×奥迪亚无核为试材，研究不同取种时间、胚珠和胚发育培养基、胚萌发培养基以及增殖生根培养基对无核葡萄胚挽救效率的影响。结果表明：5个杂交组合的胚挽救最佳取种时期分别为花后49、43、40、40和43 d；胚珠和胚发育培养阶段用ER培养基效果优于Nitsch，胚发育率达到6.4%~32.6%；火焰无核×森田尼无核、金星无核×希姆劳特、安艺无核×奥迪亚无核在WPM+BA 0.1 mg/L的培养基上获得最高的正常萌发率，分别达到78.3%、67.8%和66.7%，而奥迪亚无核×金星无核和百乐无核×金星无核则在MS/2+IAA 0.1 mg/L的培养基上正常萌发率最高，分别达到54.7%和65.3%；火焰无核×森田尼无核最佳增殖生根培养基为MS/2+ IBA 0.1 mg/L培养基，但另外4个组合则使用改良B5+ IAA 0.1 mg/L培养基效果最佳。

Key Factors Affecting Successful Embryo Rescue Via Ovule Excision for Different Crosses of Seedless Grapes

Effects of different days after pollination, different ovule and embryo culture media, different germination media, subculture and rooting media on success of embryo rescue were tested using materials from five different cross combinations of seedless grapes. The result showed that the best culture time for Vennus×Hirmod,Otia×Vennus,Flame seedless×Centennia,Perlette×Vennus,Any i×Otia was 49,43,40,40 and 43 d, respectively. ER+6 BA 0.5 mg/L was better than Nitsch medium for ovule and embryo development for all 5 cross combinations tested and the embryo develop rate of five crosses was among 6.4%-32.6%. The best germination percentages were obtained on WPM+BA 0.1 mg/L for Flame seedless×Centennia (78.3%), Vennus×Hirmod (67.8%) and Anyi×Otia (66.7%), however, the best germination medium for Otia×Vennus (54.7%) and Perlette×Vennus (65.3%) was MS/2+IAA 0.1 mg/L. Half strength B5+IAA 0.1 mg/L was suitable for rooting and proliferation for all crosses except Flame seedless × Centennia which using half strength MS/2+ IBA 0.1 mg/L.