冬小麦杂交育种实践60年回顾

回眸60年(1954～2013)的冬小麦育种实践,深刻认识到市场经济铁律是市场决定生产。从生产实际出发,选育抗旱、高产、多抗的广适性品种,成果颇丰;偏离了育种方向,则徒然而不达。育种工作者要善于捕捉高产育种信息,瞄准前沿;突破性的进展取决于关键遗传资源的发现与创新;对于增产潜力大、缺点较多的关键遗传资源的改良,采取多亲本渐近杂交法较易获得成功;亲本选配要"强×强"组合,关键是创新种质要到位;杂种后代采取旱、水地和高、中肥水交替选择法,是选育抗旱、节水、高产品种的有效途经。从育成品种的系谱分析来看:农林10号(Norin10)可能携带抗旱高产基因,应深入研究利用。

A Review of Winter Wheat Hybrid Breeding in the Past Sixty Years

Based on the experiences in wheat breeding of the past 60 years(1954~2013),the author would like to share the following views with the readers.First,wheat production is determined by the demand of the market.Second,it is the key to success in breeding program to base the strategy on the requirement of the production and to focus on the drought tolerance,yield potential,multiple resistances and wide adaptability.It always fails without the correct breeding objective.Third,it is important to have the genetic information in yield potential and to keep in line with the development of breeding technologies.The breakthrough in breeding depends on the discovery or development of elite germplasm.Fourth,it is the best way to improve the germplasm,which has high yield potential and a number of undesired traits at the same time,by introgression method usually involving multiple parents.The crossing model should be"good×good",in which the elite germplasm plays a key role.Fifth,alternative selection of segregated generations in the breeding program between the drought and irrigated environment and between high fertile soil and medium fertile soil have been to be very efficient in the development of the new varieties with drought tolerance,high water use efficiency,high yield potential and wide adaptability.Based on the pedigree analysis of the released varieties,Norin 10 seems to carry the genes for drought tolerance and high yield potential and worth being investigated further.