黄淮北片主栽小麦品种冬春性与主要春化基因组成的关系

为探明我国黄淮北片麦区冬小麦的冬春性与春化基因分布的关系,以该麦区的48个主导小麦品种为材料,依据不同小麦品种的低温春化需求来分析品种的冬春特性,同时分析了主要的春化基因分子标记在上述品种中的组成。结果表明,黄淮北片麦区以半冬性品种为主,占75.0%,春性品种和冬性品种各占10.4%,弱春性品种占4.2%。春化基因检测结果显示,黄淮北片麦区的主栽小麦品种的主要基因型为vrnA1/vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,占77.1%,其余品种含有Vrn-D1基因(22.9%,11个),未发现携带显性基因VrnA1、Vrn-B1及Vrn-B3的品种。黄淮北片主栽品种调查结果显示,根据vrn-A1/vrn-B1/vrn-B3/vrn-D1全隐性基因型推测的品种的冬性和表现型的一致性高达97.3%,根据显性基因Vrn-D1推测的春性与表现型的一致性为54.5%。总的来说通过春化基因组成推测的冬春性与根据低温需求鉴定的冬春性的一致性为87.5%,表明可以通过检测春化基因分子标记来对品种的冬春性进行快速推测,实际工作中若能利用春化基因分子检测与田间观察相结合,可以更准确地反映品种的冬春性。

Analysis of Winterness-Springness Type and Vernalization Genes in the Main Wheat Cultivars from the North of Yellow and Huai Valley of China

To analyze the relationship between the winterness-springness type and the vernalization genes in wheat from the North of Yellow and Huai Valley of China,48 wheat cultivars were selected. The winterness-springness type of wheat cultivars was analyzed by the vernalization requirement,and the distribution of vernalization genes in wheat varieties was also analyzed. We found that 36 wheat varieties(accounting for 75%) were semi-winterness type,and five(taking up to 10.4%) and two wheat varieties(taking up to 4.2%) were springness type and weak springness type,respectively,and five wheat varieties were winterness type.In this study,the main gene type was vrn-A1/ vrn-B1/ vrn-D1/ vrn-B3 in 37 wheat varieties,accounting for 77.1%,and the Vrn-D1 dominant vernalization allele was detected in the other eleven wheat cultivars,taking up to 22.9%,but Vrn-A1a, Vrn-B1,and Vrn-B3 dominant alleles were not detected. Our research showed that the winterness-springness habit deduced by the gene type vrn-A1/ vrn-B1/ vrn-D1/ vrn-B3 showed 97.3% identity with the vernalization requirement,and the winterness-springness habit deduced by the gene type Vrn-D1 showed 54.5% identity with the vernalization requirement.In a word,the winterness-springness habit detected by molecular marker analysis of vernalization genes showed 87.5% identity with the vernalization requirement,so that we could deduced the winterness-springness habit quickly by the molecular marker analysis of vernalization genes in the North of Yellow and Huai Valley of China. We should combine the molecular marker analysis of vernalization genes and the winterness-springness habit observation in the field to learn more about the winterness-springness habit. The research would provide some useful information for the genetic improvement of the winter wheat in the North of Yellow and Huai Valley of China.