新疆春小麦品种资源抗倒性评价

为了给新疆小麦抗倒育种提供参考依据,采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,比较了两种种植密度(100×104和600×104株·hm-2)下40份新疆自育春小麦品种资源的抗倒性,分析了抗倒性与其影响因素的关系。结果表明,与低密度(100×104株·hm-2)相比,高密度(基本苗为600×104株·hm-2)条件下小麦抗倒伏能力、第二节间机械强度、壁厚、茎粗、充实度及地上部鲜重极显著降低,第二节间长度及重心高度极显著增加,茎秆机械强度的降低是小麦抗倒伏能力下降的关键因素。低密度下抗倒性与第二节间长、株高、重心高及第二节间壁厚的关系密切。其中,第二节间长度与小麦抗倒性关系最密切,第二节间越短,抗倒伏能力越强。高密度下第二节间机械强度与抗倒性的关系最密切,茎秆强度越高,抗倒性越强。壁厚可作为评价茎秆机械强度的可靠指标。依据倒伏指数的大小,将40份品种分为高抗型、普抗型、中间型、风险型和易倒型5个级别。供试材料中,80.0%的品种抗倒性较好,其中新春22号为高抗型品种,是较为理想的抗倒伏育种亲本。

Analysis and Evaluation of Lodging Resistance of Spring Wheat Cultivars in Xinjiang

The objective of this study was to evaluate the lodging resistance of 40 spring wheat cultivars in Xinjiang under two density,and analyze the relationship between lodging resistance and its in fluence factors.The relationship between lodging index and its influence factors on two density were studied based on field experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that comparing with low planting density(100×10 plants per hectare),high planting density(600×10 plants per hectare) significantly decreased the lodging resistance,mechanical strength,wall thickness,diameter,filling degree of 2nd stem and the fresh plant weight of above-ground part,while,length of 2nd stem and height of gravity were significantly increased. The decreased of mechanical strength was very important to lodging resistance of wheat from low density to high density. Lodging index has close relationship with the characteristics of length of 2nd stem,plant height,height of gravity and wall thickness of 2nd stem under low planting density. The correlation coefficient between length of 2nd stem and the character of resistance lodging ability was maximum,which means shorter 2nd stem gives greater lodging resistance. The correlation coefficient between of mechanical strength of 2nd stem and the character of resistance lodging ability was maximum under high density,which means stronger culm gives greater lodging resistance. The wall thickness could be applied as a reliable index for evaluating the mechanical strength. Based on the lodging index,40 cultivars were divided into five types. Eighty percent of the tested spring wheats present great lodging resistance. Xinchun 22 with high yielding characteristics,can be used as an ideal lodging resistance breeding parent.