小麦光周期基因在我国不同麦区中的组成分布

为明确光周期基因在我国小麦品种中的组成分布特点,利用已有的特异性分子标记对我国977份小麦品种的光周期基因Ppd-A1、Ppd-B1和Ppd-D1进行检测,分析比较不同麦区中光周期基因的组成分布特点。结果表明,在Ppd-A1位点有5份材料无PCR扩增条带(0.5%),其余972份材料都为光周期敏感型Ppd-A1b(99.5%);在Ppd-B1位点仅青春37为光周期不敏感型Ppd-B1a(0.1%),有3份材料无PCR扩增条带(0.3%),其余973份材料为光周期敏感型Ppd-B1b(99.6%);在Ppd-D1位点有789份材料为光周期不敏感型Ppd-D1a(80.8%),其余188份材料为光周期敏感型Ppd-D1b(19.2%)。在东北春麦区、新疆冬春兼播麦区、青藏春冬兼播麦区等高纬度麦区,小麦品种多携带光周期敏感型基因Ppd D1b;在北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区,不敏感型Ppd-D1a基因分布频率较高;Ppd-D1a基因分布频率总体呈现以黄淮冬麦区为最高,向其他方向麦区呈现下降的趋势。在Ppd-A1位点和Ppd-B1位点发现的无PCR扩增条带的新等位变异,丰富了小麦育种种质资源的多样性,为选育适应不同环境条件的品种奠定了材料基础,是进一步研究的重要材料。

Composition and Distribution of Wheat Photoperiod Genes in Different Wheat Regions in China

In order to identify the distribution characteristics of the allelic composition of photoperiod genes Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 in Chinese wheat cultivars,the photoperiod genes of 977 Chinese wheat cultivars in this study were identified using the molecular markers,and the differences on the composition of photoperiodic genotype in different wheat regions were analyzed and compared. The results showed that five cultivars(0.5%) have no PCR amplication at Ppd-A1 locus,and the remaining 972(99.5%) cultivars carry photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-A1b. At Ppd-B1 locus,only cultivar Qingchun 37(0.1%) carries photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-B1a,and three(0.3%) cultivars have no PCR amplification,and the remaining 973(99.6%) cultivars carry photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-B1b. At Ppd-D1 locus,789(80.8%) cultivars have photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a and the remaining 188(19.2%) cultivars carry photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-D1b.At high latitude regions,such as Northeast Spring Wheat Region,Xinjiang Winter-Spring Region and Qinghai-Tibet Spring-Winter Region,most of the cultivars carry photoperiod sensitive allele Ppd-D1b,but insensitive allele Ppd-D1a had higher frequency distribution in Northern Winter Wheat Region,Yellow and Huai River Winter Wheat Region,and Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region. In general,the frequency of Ppd-D1a in Yellow and Huai River Winter Wheat Region was the highest and there is a downward trend in other wheat regions. The variation types with no PCR amplification were found at Ppd-A1 locus or Ppd-B1 locus. Those variation cultivars would enrich the diversity of wheat breeding germplasm resources,and lay the material foundation for the selection of varieties to adapt to different environmental conditions and could be used as important experimental materials for further research.