黄淮麦区小麦成株期磷高效基因型的鉴定和筛选

为快速筛选磷高效基因型小麦品种,以黄淮麦区112份小麦品种(系)为材料,设置正常磷和低磷2个磷处理,通过大田池栽试验,对小麦成株期19个与产量及磷效率相关性状进行分析,并以济麦22为对照,筛选磷效率和产量均表现优异的磷高效基因型。结果表明,与正常磷处理相比,低磷条件下,小麦的8个产量相关指标(单株穗数、千粒重、株高、穗长、可育小穗数、穗粒数、单株粒重和地上部干重)和3个磷积累量指标(单株籽粒、秸秆和地上部总磷积累量)均显著下降,而3个磷利用效率指标(单株籽粒、秸秆和地上部总磷利用效率)均显著增加,说明低磷胁迫使小麦成株期的产量和磷积累量大大降低,但明显提高磷利用效率。相关性分析发现,株高、可育小穗数和单株粒重与秸秆和地上部单株含磷量、3个磷积累量指标均呈显著正相关,与2个磷利用效率指标(单株秸秆和地上部总磷利用效率)呈显著负相关(P≤0.01),可以作为磷效率的初步快评指标。正常磷处理下,筛选出17个磷高效基因型,其中,旱选H28、2010品4891和周麦28的单株粒重比济麦22分别高36.07%、31.96%和37.44%,地上部总磷利用效率比济麦22分别高出49.34%、49.42%和33.05%;低磷处理下,筛选出10份磷高效基因型,其中,河农826的单株粒重和地上部总磷利用效率分别比济麦22高37.69%和20.42%;旱选H23、旱选H28和徐麦856在正常磷和低磷处理下均被鉴定为磷高效基因型,可能具有较高的育种价值。

Identification and Screening of High Phosphorus Use Efficiency Genotypes of Wheat at Adult Stage in Huang-Huai Wheat Area

In order to screen genotypes with high phosphorus efficiency and grain yield, nineteen phosphorus use efficiency and yield related traits of 112 wheat germplasm materials were analyzed in field test under the normal(NP) and low phosphorus(LP) conditions, with Jimai 22 as control.Results showed that eight wheat yield-related traits, such as spike number per plant(SN), thousand grains weight(TGW), plant height(PH), spike length(SL), fertile spikelet number per spike(FSS), grain number per spike(GN), grain weight(GWP) and above ground weight(AWP) per plant, and three phosphorus content traits, such as grain number(GPC), straw(StPC) and above ground(APC) P content per plant decreased significantly under LP condition compared with those under NP condition(P≤0.05).However, the phosphorus utilization efficiency index, grain(GPUE), straw(StPUE) and above ground(APUE) P utilization efficiency increased obviously.Three yield-related traits, PH, FSS, and GWP could be used as the preliminary evaluation indices of phosphorus efficiency at adult stage of wheat because of the positively significant correlation with two P concentration traits(straw and above ground P concentration) and three P content traits(GPC, StPC and APC) and the negatively significant correlation with two P utilization efficiency traits(StPUE and APUE) at P≤0.01 level.Seventeen and ten high phosphorus efficiency genotypes were screened under NP and LP conditions, respectively.The GWP of Hanxuan H28, Pin 4891 and Zhoumai 28 were 36.07%, 31.96% and 37.44% more than those of Jimai 22 under NP condition, respectively, and the APUE of them were 49.34%, 49.42% and 33.05% more than that of Jimai 22, respectively.Similarly, the GWP and the APUE of Henong 826 were 37.69% and 20.42% higher than those of Jimai 22 under LP condition.Among them, Hanxuan H23, Hanxuan H28 and Xumai 856 were identified as high phosphorus use efficiency genotypes under both LP and NP conditions, indicating the three cultivars would be used as parents in phosphorus-efficiency wheat breeding programs.