Evaluation of a Swedish steam-dryer for treatment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pine chips |
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| Authors: | L. D. DWINELL,C. MAGNUSSON&dagger ,J. TOMMINEN&Dagger |
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| Affiliation: | USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2044 (USA);Department of Plant &Forest Protection, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden);Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland) |
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| Abstract: | A steam-dryer, designed and manufactured in Sweden, was evaluated for destroying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pine chips from southern USA. In a trial, pine chips were treated at different temperature and pressure regimes for 5 or 10min. The lowest time/temperature/pressure combination was to increase the vessel temperature from 85 to 104°C in 5 min at low pressure. Samples of pine chips were assayed for nematodes in laboratories in USA, Sweden, and Finland. No nematodes of any species were recovered from any of the treated pine-chip samples. Large and heterogeneous pieces of wood in the treated samples were also nematode-free. The apparatus was a prototype capable of handling about 400 kg h-1. The final version would have to be able to process 100-200 th-1. |
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