轮作对日光温室土壤环境生态修复的影响

以黄瓜连作为对照,研究了日光温室中黄瓜—休闲、黄瓜—番茄、黄瓜—玉米、黄瓜—大蒜、黄瓜—菠菜和黄瓜—芹菜6种轮作方式对土壤养分、盐分、微生物区系、酶活性等的影响。结果表明:黄瓜—休闲和黄瓜—大蒜轮作土壤的全氮、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量高于对照;黄瓜—番茄轮作土壤的全氮和速效氮高于对照,有效磷和速效钾含量低于对照;黄瓜—玉米轮作土壤全氮和速效磷含量高于对照,速效氮和速效钾含量低于对照;黄瓜—菠菜和黄瓜—芹菜轮作土壤的全氮含量低于对照,速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高于对照(黄瓜—芹菜轮作土壤的速效氮除外)。轮作可以降低土壤EC值、盐分和硝态氮含量。轮作和休闲改善了土壤微生物区系,可提高酶的活性;轮作增加了土壤细菌和放线菌数量,减少了真菌数量,休闲降低了土壤细菌和真菌数量。黄瓜—大蒜和黄瓜—玉米是改良土壤生态环境效果较理想的轮作方式。

Effect of Rotation on Zoology Restoring of Soil Environment in Greenhouse

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of cucumber fallow, cucumber tomato, cucumber maize, cucumber garlic, cucumber spinach,and  cucumber celery on soil nutrients, salinity,microorganism and enzyme activity,with continuous cropping cucumber as comparison. The result showed that the content of total N, available N, available P and available K of cucumber fallow and cucumber garlic was higher than that of continuous cropping cucumber. The content of total N, available N of cucumber tomato was higher than that of continue oropping cucumber, the content of available P and available K was lower than that of continuous cropping cucumber. The content of total N, available P of cucumber maize was higher than that of continuous cropping cucumber, and available N and available K was lower than that of it. The content of total N of cucumber spinach and cucumber celery was lower than that of continuous cropping cucumber,and available N, available P and available K was higher than that of it. Rotation could depress EC, content of salinity and NO-3-N. Rotation and fallowing improved soil microbial flora and enhanced soil enzyme activity. Rotation increased the amount of bacteria and actinomyces in soil, and decreased the amount of fungi in soil. Fallowing decreased the amount of bacteria and fungi in soil. The optimum rotation patterns for improving soil environment among the different systems were crop rotations of cucumber garlic and cucumber maize.