土壤噬菌体的研究进展及生态功能解析

噬菌体在地球表层生态系统中的元素循环及污染物转化的微生物群落调控中发挥重要作用。相比于水生系统，土壤高度的异质性和病毒颗粒的高吸附度给土壤中噬菌体的研究带来挑战，尚未引起足够的关注。本文介绍了土壤噬菌体的形态与生命周期分类、以及噬菌体的提取和分析方法；探讨噬菌体调控土壤微生物群落结构以及碳、氮、磷、硫等生命元素循环与重(类)金属转化的科学联系；揭示其生物地球化学机制，阐明其生态功能和环境意义；并对土壤中噬菌体未来研究重点进行了展望。

Research progress and ecological function of phages in soil

Phages play important roles in modulating microbial communities, and subsequently determining element circulation and pollutant transformation in the earth surface ecosystem. Compared with aquatic systems, the high heterogeneity of soil and the high adsorption of virus-like particles bring great challenges to the study of phages in soil, and leading to insufficient attention by far. In this review, the morphological and life cycle classification, extraction and analytic methods for phages in soil, were briefly summarized. In addition, the scientific linkage of phages in regulating soil microbial community structure and the cycle of life elements (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) with the transformation of heavy metals (metalloid), were further discussed. The underlying biogeochemical mechanisms were revealed, and the ecological functions and environmental significances were clarified. Finally, the future research focuses of soil phages were prospected.