夏季苹果新梢生理指标与抗苹果绵蚜的关系

研究苹果生理指标与其对苹果绵蚜 (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) 抗性的关系,为筛选培育抗性品种,实现持续有效治理苹果绵蚜提供依据。田间调查不同苹果品种对苹果绵蚜的抗性,测定比较各品种正常枝条生理指标,以及被苹果绵蚜危害后生理指标的变化。结果表明,正常枝条中可溶性糖(r=0.99)、蛋白质(r=0.86)含量与感蚜率呈正相关;氨基酸含量与感蚜率呈负相关(r=-0.96);酚类物质和4种酶活性与苹果感蚜率均不存在明显相关性。被害后昭锦108可溶性糖含量有所下降,红富士、金冠分别上升1.4%、7.0%;蛋白质、氨基酸、酚类物质含量均有所下降,其中红富士总酚含量明显下降,达23.5%,总酚下降率与感蚜率呈正相关(r=0.94);超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)活性均上升,其中CAT变化率与感蚜率存在相关性 (r=-0.92),昭锦108 CAT活性明显上升,达91.2%;多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性增减不一;金冠4种酶活性均上升。研究表明,对苹果绵蚜抗性较强的品种:可溶性糖、蛋白质含量较低,游离氨基酸含量较高;受害后可溶性糖含量下降,总酚含量下降率较低,游离氨基酸含量下降率较高。酶活性对抗蚜性的影响不明显。

The relationship between physiological indexes of apple cultivars and resistance to Eriosoma lanigerum in summer

To reveal the relationship between physiological indices in apples and resistance to woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann), and provide basis for breeding resistant cultivars. Apple cultivars with different resistibility were selected through field survey, the physiological indexes and the changes of them damaged by E. lanigerum in the apple cultivars were studied. Result: In the uninjured branches, the contents of soluble sugar (r=0.99) and protein (r=0.86) are positive correlated with the hazard ratios of woolly apple aphid; amino acid contents are negative corrected with the hazard ratios(r=-0.96); total phenolic compound and enzyme activities have no significant relationship with the resistance to E. lanigerum. After been infested the sugar contents in Fuji and Golden Delicious increased by 1.4% and 7.0%; protein contents, amino acid contents and total phenolic compound contents decreased in all cultivars, the rates of change in total phenolic compound have obvious relationship with the hazard ratios(r=0.94) and the phenolic compound decreased by 23.5% in Red Fuji; the SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), CAT (Catalase) activities were increased in all the injured cultivars, the rates of increase in CAT are positive correlated with the hazard ratios(r=-0.92), and increased by 91.2% in Zhaojin108; PPO (Polyphenol Oxidase) and POD (Peroxidase) activities have no regularly changes; in Golden Delicious all the four enzymes were increased. It is suggested that the resistant cultivar has high amino acid contents and low soluble sugar, protein contents. In the injured branches of resistant cultivar the amino acid were decreased obviously and the phenolic compound, soluble sugar were decreased slightly. Enzyme activities have no significant relationship with the resistance to E. lanigerum.