新疆巴音布鲁克繁殖期大天鹅的生境选择

2011年和2012年的6-8月,考察了分布于巴音布鲁克自然保护区的大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)种群,分析了大天鹅巢址选择特征和育雏期生境选择特征。在野外共记录到了26个大天鹅巢址。与对照样方比较发现,植被高度、水深、所在水域面积、距干扰源距离和安全等级存在显著差异。进一步逻辑斯蒂回归分析表明,植被高度、水深和安全等级是影响大天鹅巢址选择的最主要的3种生境因子。采用样线法对育雏期大天鹅的生境选择进行了调查,发现大天鹅对沼泽湿地表现出正选择性,对草地表现出负选择性。样方法调查中,利用样方与对照样方比较发现,9种生境因子均存在显著差异,逻辑斯蒂回归分析表明,距干扰源距离和安全等级是影响大天鹅育雏期生境选择的最重要的两种因子。这样的选择机制有利于大天鹅更好的躲避敌害,顺利完成孵化和育雏工作。

Habitat selection of Whooper Swan at Bayanbulak in Xinjiang of China

From June 2011 to August 2011 and from June 2012 to August 2012, the nest site selection and the brood habitat selection of Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus), which located in Bayanbulak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, were researched. 26 Whooper swans'' nest sites were found in the wild. Compared the found nest sites with the control plots of nest sites, there were significant differences in the factors of vegetation height, water depth, water area, distance to disturbance and security level. What''s more, the logistic regression analysis showed that the vegetation height, water depth and the security level were the three most important factors of the nest site selection of Whooper Swans. On the analysis of brood habitat selection, it was found that the Whooper Swans selected the swamp and avoided the grass land. Compared the found brood habitat with the control plots of brood habitat, there ware significant differences in nine factors, and the logistic regression analysis showed that the distance to disturbance and the security level were the important factors determinating the brood habitat selection of Whooper Swans. The selection mechanisms conducive to Whooper Swans of avoiding predators, and they can complete incubation and brooding successfully.