禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对小麦幼胚培养特性及再生R1、R2代植株的抗赤霉病性影响

研究了禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素对小麦幼胚培养特性的影响和再生R1、R2代植株的抗赤霉病性变异，结果表明，粗毒素对3个不同基因型幼胚的愈伤组织诱导、胚芽萌发及胚性愈伤组织形成和绿苗分化的影响有相同的趋势。①毒素浓度为6.0g/L时，愈伤组织生长受明显地抑制，但胚芽萌发生长受到促进，低于此浓度时，毒素对愈伤组织的生长有一定的促进作用；②毒素对胚性愈伤组织形成和苗分化均有较大的抑制作用，其中对前者的抑制作用最强；③适宜的粗毒素筛选浓度为1.5g/L~4.5g/L，在这一浓度范围内对愈伤组织形成无影响，而对胚性愈伤组织和苗分化有明显抑制，但又能使其保持有一定的分化能力。④经毒素筛选的抗耐毒素细胞系再生R1代植株中，抗病穗的比例明显提高，R2代再生植株的抗赤霉病性分离，并趋向于感病方的分离。

Effect of Fusarium Graminearum Crude Toxin on Wheat Young Embryos Culture and Scab-Resisitance of Plants in R1 and R2 Generations

The effects of crude toxin on young embryo culture and scab-resistance of their offspring in R1 and R2 generations were investigated with three wheat varieties. The results were as follows：①High concentration （6.0g/L）of crude toxin inhibited the growth of calli from different genotypes obviously,but the germination and growth of embryos were promoted. When the concentration was lower than 6.0g/L,the crude toxin promoted the growth of calli. ②The crude toxin inhibited the formation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of plantlets remarkably,and the influencing degree was much stronger to former than to later. ③The appropriate concentrations of crude toxin stress were 1.5g/L~4.5g/L,in this range,the calli grew normally,and embryogenic calli and plantlets were inhibited markedly,but their differentiation capabilities were retained in a certain degree. ④The selection of toxin increased the proportion of resistant plants in the R1 offsprings. Scab-resistance of R2 regeneration separated, and there was a tendency of susceptible in the separation.