不同经营措施对鄂南毛竹笋用低产林形态特征及产量的影响

采用2 100～2 550、2 700～3 150、3 300～3 750株/hm² 3个立竹密度和复合肥、饼肥、配方肥3种施肥种类双因素试验设计，分析不同处理间鲜笋地径、笋高及鲜质量差异，研究不同经营措施对鄂南地区毛竹笋用低产林竹笋形态特征及产量的影响。结果表明：采取经营措施后，竹林竹笋产量显著高于CK。立竹密度和施肥种类的交互作用对毛竹笋地径有显著影响，其中，以高密度、复合肥处理的地径值最大，为9.65 cm，随着毛竹林立竹密度的增大，其形态特征由“胖、矮” 型逐渐变为 “瘦、高” 型。立竹密度对毛竹笋产量的影响较施肥种类更为明显，较低立竹密度的竹林更有利于竹笋产量的提高。在不同处理中，产量最高的为低密度、复合肥处理，毛竹笋产量为2 174.40 kg/hm²；产量最低的为高密度、饼肥处理，为1 299.15 kg/hm²。在自然立竹密度处理中，以配方肥的产量最高，为1 721.55 kg/hm²，综合考虑经营成本等因素，在该地区毛竹笋用林的经营初期可考虑施用配方肥。

Influences of Different Management Measures on Morphological Characteristics and Yield of Low Yielding Phyllostachys edulis Forest of Bamboo Shoots in Southern Hubei Province

In this study, the ground diameter, height and fresh weight of Phyllostachys edulis shoots were analyzed by using two-factor experiments of living P. edulis density (2 100 − 2 550 tree/hm2, 2 700 − 3 150 tree/hm2, 3 300 − 3 750 tree/hm2) and fertilization types (compound fertilizer, cake fertilizer, formula fertilizer). The results show that the yield of P. edulis shoots with management measures is significant higher than that in CK. The interaction of living density and fertilizer types have significant impacts on the ground diameter, of which the maximum value of the ground diameter is 9.65 cm with the treatment of high density and compound fertilizer. With the increasing density, the morphological features of P. edulis change from fat and short to thin and high. The effect of planting density on the P. edulis shoot yield is more obvious than that of fertilizing, and the P. edulis forest with lower density is more beneficial to increase P. edulis shoot yield. Among different treatments, the highest yield is low density and compound fertilizer treatment, which is 2 174.40 kg/hm2, and the lowest output is high density and cake fertilizer treatment, which is 1 299.15 kg/hm2. In natural P. edulis density treatment, the yield of formula fertilizer treatment is the highest, which is 1 721.55 kg/hm2., taking into account the operating cost and soil pollution caused by fertilizer, the application of formula fertilizer can be considered at the initial stage of the forest management for P. edulis shoots in southern Hubei province.