油橄榄杂交子代生长与生理性状变异研究

利用‘城固32’、‘鄂植8’、‘莱星’和‘皮削利’4个油橄榄品种杂交获得F₁代实生苗，对实生苗2年生生长性状与生理性状进行遗传变异分析、相关分析及主成分分析，综合选择生长势强的优良单株。结果表明：除了最大光化学效率的变异不大之外，其他性状均存在较大变异，Ⅰ级分枝总长变异系数最大。苗高、地径、主干节间长、净光合速率、最大光化学效率和光合性能指数在母本间和母本内父本间差异均不显著，Ⅰ级分枝数和分枝总长在母本间差异不显著，但母本内父本间差异显著。最大光化学效率和光合性能指数与生长性状间相关性不显著。第1、2主成分的累积贡献率达81.88%。因此，母本基因型不是实生苗性状差异的主要来源，父本基因型是I级分枝总长和分枝数变异主要来源，I级分枝总长和分枝数变异主要来自于父本基因型或者父本与母本基因型交互作用。实生苗生长势的早期选择指标不仅仅为苗高和地径，Ⅰ级分枝数及分枝总长、主干节间长和净光合速率均可以作为早期选择指标。利用主成分分析中第1、2主成分选择生长势和发枝能力表现优良的子代实生苗19个。

Variation of Growth and Physiological Traits of Hybrid Progeny of Olea europaea

The F1 generation seedlings were obtained by crossing 4 Olea europaea varieties, including ‘Chenggu32’, ‘Ezhi8’, ‘Lecciono’, ‘Picholine’, and the genetic variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis of the 2-year-old growth traits and physiological traits of the seedlings were carried out to select the excellent growth plants. Results show that except for the variation of Pn, there are large variations in other traits, and the coefficient of variation of the total length of Class Ⅰ branches is the largest. The seedling height, ground diameter, trunk length, Pn, Fv/Fm and PI are not significantly different between the female parent and the female parent. The Class Ⅰ branch number and the total length of the branch are in the female parent. The difference is not significant, but the difference between the parents in the female parent is significant. The correlation between Fv/Fm, PI and growth traits was not significant. The cumulative contribution rate of Prin1 and Prin2 by PCA is 81.883%. Therefore, different mother genotypes are not the main source of trait variation of seedlings and different father genotypes of among mother genotypes are the major source of variation in primary branches’ number and total length. Variation mainly came from mother genotypes or the interaction between mother and father genotypes. In the early selection of O. europaea progeny seedlings, tree height and ground diameter are not only be used as early selection indexes of growth vigor but the number and total length of primary branches. Using Prin1 and Prin2 of PCA, 19 seedlings are selected with excellent growth vigor and branching ability.