美国成品油管道公平开放现状及启示

中国成品油管道存在管道互联互通性差、区域油品不平衡、管道负荷率偏低及部分区域输送瓶颈等问题,亟需推动成品油管道公平开放,促进成品油运输行业的健康发展。介绍了美国成品油管道公平开放现状,并对其管道公司制订的准入条件、信息交流、服务模式、管输费率、运输能力分配以及混油处理等准入规定进行了分析。结果表明:推动成品油管道公平开放有利于促进能源体制改革、保障成品油供应安全以及提高成品油管道系统负荷率。借鉴美国成品油管道公平开放经验,结合中国成品油输送行业的现状,提出了中国成品油管道公平开放方案的构想:①加快成品油管道基础设施建设,为成品油管道公平开放奠定基础;②规范和完善成品油管输定价体系,维护成品油运输市场的秩序;③在有“剩余能力”基础上开放管道,社会各界行使监督权;④保障管道公司经营话语权,分步推动成品油管道独立;⑤规范成品油管道公司的开放条款,无歧视性对待各类用户。

The present situation of the open-access of products pipeline in the United States and its enlightenment

At present, the products pipelines in China are faced with a series of problems, such as poor interconnectivity,imbalanced regional products, low load factor and transportation bottleneck in some areas. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to promote the open-access of products pipelines and facilitate the healthy development of the products transportation industry. In this paper, the present situation of the open-access of products pipelines in the United States was described.Then, the access regulations of pipeline companies in the United States were analyzed from the aspects of access qualification, information exchange, service pattern, products pipeline tariff, transportation capacity allocation and mixed oil treatment. Promoting the open-access of product pipelines is favorable for promoting the reform of energy system, ensuring the safety of products supply and increasing the load factor of products pipeline systems. Finally, the conception on the open-access scheme of products pipelines in China was proposed as follows by referring to the experience on the openaccess of products pipelines in the United States, combined with the status of products transportation industry in China.First, accelerate the infrastructure construction of products pipelines to lay the foundation for the open-access of products pipelines. Second, standardize and complete the pricing system of products pipeline transportation and maintain the order of the products transportation market. Third, open the access to products pipelines on the basis of "residual capacity" and ensure the public can exercise the right of supervision. Fourth, ensure pipeline companies’ voice of operation and promote the independence of products pipelines. Fifth, normalize the open-access rules of products pipeline companies to ensure all kinds of customers are treated equally.