云南紫溪山冬季鸟类丰富度年间变化研究

位于云南中部的紫溪山以亚热带常绿阔叶林和云南松林为主要植被类型，气候以旱季和雨季交替为主要特点，自1994年成立紫溪山省级自然保护区以来，鸟类资料一直较为匮乏。采用样线法、直数法、至高点观察、夜间鸣声和红外相机调查等5种方法，调查2010—2017年冬季鸟类的丰富度。结果表明：野外共记录到鸟类177种，分属14目51科，占云南省鸟类945种的18.73%，其中9种为楚雄州首次记录。留鸟147种，占83.05%；冬候鸟29种，占16.38%；迷鸟1种，留鸟是紫溪山冬季鸟类群落的主要组成。基于回归分析，鸟类丰富度和春季降水正相关。在干旱的滇中地区，春季降水有利于紫溪山春季鸟类的繁殖和物种多样性的维持，并影响冬季鸟类丰富度。另外，还记录珍稀濒危鸟类22种，紫溪山鸟类种类远高于楚雄市市郊，是滇中地区鸟类生存和庇护的理想场所，应加强保护。

Annual Change of Avian Species Richness in Winter at Zixi Mountain,Yunnan

The Zixi Mountain is located in north central Yunnan and is characterized by the obvious change of rainy and dry seasons. The vegetation community is dominated by evergreen broadleaved forest, with some land patches covered by pine tree succession. The Zixishan Provincial Nature Reserve was established in 1994, but data on avian species richness are limited since then. Here, we used a combination of line transects, direct counts, observations from high vantage points, night sound recordings, and infrared camera traps, to survey avian species richness during winter in the Zixi Mountain (n = 8 years, 2010−2017). The results showed that 177 species from 14 orders and 51 families were detected, which accounted for 19% of the 945 species of birds known to occur in Yunnan Province. Nine of these species were first records of Chuxiong Prefecture. Among 177 species detected, 147 (83.05%) were residents, 29 (16.38%) were migrants and 1 was occasionally encountered, which suggested residents were the majority for avian communities in winter. From regression analysis, winter species richness was positively correlated with breeding season precipitation, from which we hypothesized that breeding season precipitation contributes to the reproduction and species diversity of birds, and influencing avian winter species richness in Zixi Mountain. We detected 22 endangered bird species, and the species richness of birds in Zixi Mountain was higher than in rural areas of Chuxiong Prefecture. This suggests that Zixi Mountain is an important area for maintaining avian biodiversity in Central Yunnan.