几个荔枝品种果实综合性状比较分析

【目的】分析以大红袍荔枝为砧木嫁接的7个荔枝品种的果实综合性状,为云南省调整荔枝产业结构和促进荔枝种植户增收提供参考依据。【方法】以云南保山地区主栽品种大红袍为砧木,分别嫁接大红袍、妃子笑、钦州红荔、鸡嘴荔、桂味、贵妃红、马贵荔等7个荔枝品种,观察、记录各品种的物候期,并对果实性状、果实品质、市场潜力等进行比较分析。【结果】物候期方面,与大红袍荔枝比,妃子笑成熟期早15 d,钦州红荔、鸡嘴荔和桂味晚10 d,贵妃红晚20 d,马贵荔晚30 d;果实品质和市场价格方面,6个品种均优于大红袍;6个品种单株产量均低于大红袍。以单果重、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、平均单株产量和平均单价进行综合评分,大红袍为1.38分,妃子笑为3.50分,钦州红荔为1.69分,鸡嘴荔为1.49分,桂味为1.98分,贵妃红为2.78分,马贵荔为3.11分。综合性状排名由高到低为：妃子笑〉马贵荔〉贵妃红〉桂味〉钦州红荔〉鸡嘴荔〉大红袍。【结论】妃子笑、马贵荔、贵妃红、鸡嘴荔4个荔枝品种与大红袍荔枝嫁接换种后综合性状表现较好,适宜在云南省保山市推广种植。

Analysis and comparison of comprehensive fruit traits of different litchi varieties

【Objective】The comprehensive fruit traits of 7 varieties with Dahongpao as the rootstock were compared to provide references for restructuring litchi industrial system and helping litchi growers to increase yields and benefits.【Method】Dahongpao, a local main cultivar, was selected to be the rootstock, which Feizixiao, Qinzhouhongli, Jizuili,Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili were used as scion to graft onto. The phenological period was investigated. Besides, fruit traits, fruit quality and production potential were analyzed and compared. 【Result】Compared with the phenological period of Dahongpao, Feizixiao matured 15 days earlier, while Qinzhouhongli, Jizuili, Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili matured10, 10, 10, 20 and 30 days later, respectively. Fruit quality and price of the six litchi varieties were better than those of Dahongpao, however their yield was lower than that of Dahongpao. Comprehensively grading single fruit weight, edible rate, soluble solid, average individual yield and average unit price, the score of Dahongpao, Feizixiao, Qinzhouhongli,Jizuili, Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili was 1.38, 3.50, 1.69, 1.49, 1.98, 2.78 and 3.11. The ranking of comprehensive characters was Feizixiao〉Maguili〉Guifeihong〉Guiwei〉Qinzhouhongli〉Jizuili〉Dahongpao. 【Conclusion】Desirable varieties with great comprehensive traits are Feizixiao, Maguili, Guifeihong and Jizuili, which are suitable to be extended in Baoshan, Yunnan Province.