中国水稻生产效益比较研究

文章以2003～2008年我国水稻生产的成本效益数据为依据,比较分析了年际间、品种间和季节间水稻生产成本效益,以及水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆等主要粮食作物品种的成本效益情况。研究结果显示,水稻生产成本增幅高于谷价涨幅,成本推动型特征明显;成本利润率较高,规模增效是提高种稻收益的根本途径;双季稻成本利润率低于一季稻,南方水稻主产区"单改双"难度较大;种稻收益高于其他主要粮食作物,东北"旱改水"仍具有潜力。基于上述结论可知,要促进水稻生产稳定发展,就必须始终围绕提高种稻效益目标抓生产,必须稳定投入品和产出品两个市场,必须着力推进规模化生产、产业化经营和专业化服务,必须强化政策、科技、投入和服务这四大支撑。

Comparative Studies on Benefit of Rice Production in China

Based on the cost-benefit data of rice production in China during the period from 2003 to 2008,the cost-benefit of rice production between years,varieties and seasons was compared and analyzed in the paper.The cost-benefit of major food crops such as rice,wheat,corn and soybean was also analyzed.The results showed that rice production cost increased more than the grain price and the cost-push feature was significant.The cost margin was higher and scale efficiency was the fundamental way to improve rice benefits.The cost margin of double cropping season rice was less than that of single cropping season rice.It was difficult to carry out ＂single change to double＂ in southern China.Benefit of rice production was higher than other major food crops.＂Dry change to water＂ still has potential in northeastern China.Based on the above findings,in order to promote the steady development of rice production,we must always focus on enhancing the rice production efficiency.Inputs and outputs product markets must be stable.We must focus on promoting large-scale production,industrial management and professional services,and we must strengthen the support of policy,technology,inputs and service.