葡萄根系分泌物的化感效应及化感物质的分离鉴定

采用室内组培苗（‘晚红’葡萄，Vitis vinifera L.‘Red Globe’）和室外盆栽苗（‘贝达’葡萄， V. riparia × V. labrusca‘Beta’），研究了葡萄根系分泌物的化感效应，并利用LC-MS技术对根系分泌物中的化感物质进行了分离鉴定。室内试验表明：0.01、0.10、0.50 g ? mL-1（根系干质量/培养基体积）浓度的根系分泌物显著抑制葡萄组培苗的生长，浓度越高抑制作用越强。盆栽试验显示葡萄根系分泌物在低浓度的情况下促进植株生长，叶片可溶性糖、淀粉及蛋白质含量增加，苯丙氨酸解氨酸（PAL）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与对照差异不显著，丙二醛（MDA）含量减少；而在高浓度的情况下植株生长抑制显著，PAL和SOD活性被激活，分别比对照提高了69.16%和10.35%，MDA含量增加。LC-MS检测结果确定葡萄根系分泌物中含有对羟基苯甲酸和水杨酸两种酚酸类物质，推断含有软脂酸、1–二十一醇、柠檬酸、乌头酸、β–谷甾醇、邻苯二甲酸和没食子酸。采用‘山河二号’葡萄（V. amurensis × V. riparia ‘Shanhe 2’）组培苗检测证明对羟基苯甲酸和水杨酸对葡萄具有显著的化感抑制作用。

Allelopathic Effects and Identification of Allelochemicals in Grape Root Exudates

In order to explore the allelopathy of grape root exudates，tissue cultured plantlets of Red Globe（Vitis vinifera L.）in laboratory and cutting seedlings of Beta（V. riparia × V. labrusca）by pot experiment were used to examine the effects of grape exudates on plant growth. Laboratory tests showed 0.01，0.10，0.50 g · mL-1（root dry weight/root exudates volume）grape root exudates significantly inhibited growth of grape plantlets，the inhibition being stronger at higher root exudate concentrations. Pot experiment indicated that low-concentration root exudates promoted plant growth，and increased soluble sugar content，starch content and protein content of leaves. The difference of PAL and SOD activities betweenthe treatments and the control were not significant，and MDA content decreased under low concentration. High-concentration root exudates inhibited plant growth significantly，and PAL and SOD activity were higher than the control by 69.16% and 10.35% respectively，and MDA content increased. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid were determined by LC-MS in grape root exudates，which had significant allelopathy effect on tissue culture plantlets. Other compounds in root exudates of grape were inferred as palmitic acid，1-heneicosanol，citric acid，aconitic acid，β-sitosterol，phthalic acid and gallic acid.