山西省设施花卉种植调查研究

设施花卉是我国大(中)城市花卉发展的方向。而山西省在发展设施花卉种植产业化中存在技术瓶颈,一是许多地区在发展设施花卉的时候,建设了一批高档设施,但是由于对花卉种植的特殊性了解不够,上项目比较盲目,设施的设计建设没有根据当地的气候条件,没有根据不同花种对设施的需求,设施存在较大缺陷;二是许多农民想发展花卉产业化种植,但缺乏相应的现代化栽培种植技术;三是在发展花卉产业化种植中缺乏高档花卉种苗,许多种苗要从国外公司或合资公司订购,成本高、数量不能保证,限制了花卉产业化种植的发展及经济效益的提高。针对上述瓶颈,本次调查在以下几方面进行研究:通过研究温室薄膜覆盖类型对设施花卉环境的影响,根据设施内微环境对花卉生长发育的影响,依据国内外最新设施设计技术,提出适合山西省设施花卉生产所需温室薄膜覆盖类型,满足高档花卉生产需求,达到低投入高产出的目的;根据市场主流花卉的经济价值及需求研究不同区域生产高档花卉的主要栽培技术,筛选出3个经济效益好的市场主流高档花种,形成完整配套栽培技术,为花农提供技术支撑。

Investigation of Facility Flower Planting in Shanxi Province

Facility flower is the development trend of flower industry in China＇s big or medium-sized cities. Shanxi province has faced technical bottleneck in the development of facility flower planting industry. At first, many areas constructed a number of high-grade facilities with great deficiencies due to the poor understanding of flower cultivation and the lack of considering local climatic conditions and different facility needs for varies flower species; then, farmers interested in developing flower planting did not have relevant modern cultivation techniques; at last, the lack of high-grade flower seedlings, which meant to buy them with high price and unguaranteed quantities from foreign or co-partnership companies, had limited the industrial development and economic benefits of flower planting. In view of the above problems, this study included following aspects： combined with latest domestic and overseas facility technologies, the effects of greenhouse film covering type on facilities flower environment and the influence of micro environment in facilities on the growth and development of flowers were studied to propose the appropriate greenhouse film cover type, and meet the production needs of high-grade flowers with low input and high output in Shanxi province; according to the economic value and market demand of mainstream flowers, main cultivation techniques of high-grade flowers in different areas were studied, and 3 mainstream high-grade flowers with good economic benefits were selected, while complete mating cultivation technology was formed to provide technical support for the flower growers.