蚕豆苗期根病病原菌区系和优势种的分析

 本文报导了云南省23个县市蚕豆苗期根病病原菌的区系组成和优势种的分析。病原区系当中以镰刀菌为主,立枯丝核菌占极少数。镰刀菌的优势种是尖孢镰刀菌,其次是燕麦镰刀菌及其专化型,再其次是串珠镰刀菌和茄镰刀菌。至于木贼镰刀菌、拟枝孢镰刀菌及禾谷镰刀菌亦只占极少数,属于次要病原。但拟枝孢镰刀菌作为蚕豆苗期根病病原菌,还是首次报道。尖孢镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌皆引起基腐病。茄镰刀菌、拟枝孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌引起根腐病,还有一部份燕麦镰刀菌和少数尖孢镰刀菌引起基腐萎蔫症状。致病性测定证明各种病原菌都有致病力。致病力最强的是立枯丝核菌,尖孢镰刀菌和拟枝孢镰刀菌。茄镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌致病力居中。禾谷镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌致病力很弱。蚕豆根病是云南省蚕豆上极为严重的病害问题。其中尤以苗期根病造成的损失最大,成为历来保持蚕豆稳产高产的限制因素。例如,1983年东川市有4000亩蚕豆发病,占蚕豆播种而积的67%。死亡率由10～100%不等。其它蚕豆主产区如昆明、武定、楚雄、玉溪、曲靖等地也很严重。为了搞清发病的原因和发病的规律,自1982年冬季开始,我们在省内部份重病区的昆明、呈贡、嵩明、宜良、玉溪、通海、安宁、武定、楚雄、南华、大姚、禄丰、大理、弥度、巍山、宾川、永平、漾濞、永胜、鹤庆、丽江、曲靖、东川等23个县市进行了广泛的调查研究。

Analaysis on the Mycoflora and Their Dominant Species of the Pathogene which caused Seedling Root Diseases of Faba-besn

This paper reports the analysis of the mycoflora and their dominant spccies of the pathogenes which caused seedling root diseases of Faba-bean covering 23 counties from Yunnan province.Of these Fusarium oxysporum is the most dominant species;next are Fusanium avenaceum and its specialized forms and, followed by F.moniliforme and F.solani,F,cquiseti,F.sporotrichioides and F. graminearum as well as Rhizoctonia solani are miner pathogens.However,this paper represents the first time that Fusarium sporotrichioides has been reported as a pathogen of Faba-bean disease. F.oxysporum,F.avenaceum,F.moniliforme,F.eguiseti and F.gra-minearum all cause stem-end rot whereas F.solani,F.sporotrichioides and Rhizoctonia solani cause root-rot.In addition,some F.avenaceum associated with a few F.oxysqorum cause stem-end rot and wilt. Tests showed that all the pathogens are pathogenic,Rhizoctonia solani being the strongest one,Next are F.oxysporum and F.sporotriehioides F. solani and F.monliforme are medium.While F.equiseti and.F.gramincarum are weak in pathogenicity.