不同氮磷钾配比对马铃薯农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

为确定陕西榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯种植的最佳化肥施用量,以‘冀张薯8号’为材料,通过田间试验研究不同氮、磷、钾配比对马铃薯农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同氮磷钾配比对马铃薯株高、单株块茎重和商品薯率的影响差异显著,对单株块茎数的影响差异不显著。随氮肥用量的增加,马铃薯产量呈先增后减的趋势;随磷肥和钾肥用量的增加,马铃薯产量变化趋势不明显。不同氮磷钾配比间马铃薯蛋白质、Vc和还原糖含量的变幅分别为1.02%~1.69%、11.49~16.44 mg/100 g和0.40%~0.84%。合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用能够促进马铃薯生长发育,提高块茎产量及品质。在中等肥力水平的风沙地,马铃薯在施用有机肥30 t/hm ²的基础上,化肥氮、磷和钾推荐用量分别是150、90和 112.5 kg/hm ²。

Influence of NPK Combinations on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Nutrition Quality of Potato

To determine the optimum NPK fertilization rate of potato in Yulin sandy area of Shaanxi Province, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of NPK rates on agronomic characters, yield and nutrition quality of ‘Jizhangshu No.8’ potato. The results showed that various NPK combinations had significant differences on plant height, tuber weight per plant and commodity rate, meanwhile there was no significant difference in the number of tubers per plant. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield increased first and then decreased; and with the increase of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, the yield change was not obvious. The variation of protein, Vc and reducing sugar were 1.02%-1.69%, 11.49-16.44 mg/100 g and 0.40%-0.84%, respectively, among different treatments. The reasonable NPK fertilizer application rate could improve the growth, yield and quality of potato, and the recommended fertilization is manure 30 t/hm ², N 150 kg/hm ², P₂O₅ 90 kg/hm ², K₂O 112.5 kg/hm ² in Yulin sandy area of Shaanxi with moderate fertility.