基于Meta-analysis研究不同管理措施对中国农田土壤剖面有机碳的影响

深入理解土壤剖面深层有机碳的含量和变化（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）对于准确估算农田土壤碳库具有重要意义，因此，探讨不同农田管理措施对剖面SOC的影响程度至关重要。本研究收集了1980-2019年间国内外已发表有关中国农田管理措施对剖面SOC影响的文献，利用Meta-analysis整合分析不同农田管理措施对我国农田土壤剖面SOC变化的影响。结果表明，不同耕作条件下，NTS对土壤剖面SOC的提升速率显著大于CT，年变化率达36.1%，深层土壤（<20 cm）SOC也明显增加约7%-31%，增加了深层土壤碳的输入量；与不施肥相比，不同施肥措施均能显著提高剖面SOC含量，其中MNPK处理对耕层（0-20 cm）SOC增长速率最大，约为0.52 g/(kg·yr)；常年水田耕作形成的淹水厌氧环境，可有效减缓有机物质的矿化分解、增加表层（0-20 cm）SOC累积，年增长率达24.84%；随耕作年限增加，表层土壤碳随耕作输入深层土壤，深层（<20 cm）SOC固定量增加约2.17%-20.29%。不同农田管理措施比较分析结果显示，MNPK、NTS和水田耕作通过保护土壤结构稳定、维持土壤环境不被破坏、增加土壤碳输入等手段，均可达到抑制SOC矿化分解和提升土壤固碳量的效果，其中，NTS对剖面SOC的年提升率达11%-36%，在管理措施中表现最佳，可广泛推广。

Effects of Different Management Measures on the Organic Carbon of Farmland Soil Profile in China Based on Meta-analysis

It is important to understand the soil organic carbon (SOC) in deep soil profiles for the accurate estimation of SOC pool. Moreover, it is of great significance to explore the effect of different farmland management measures on SOC. In this study, we collected 313 literatures at home and abroad from 1980 to 2019 which studied on the effect of farmland management measures on soil profile SOC in China. We used the meta-analysis method to study the influence of the farmland management measures on soil profile SOC. The results showed that the NTS had a significantly higher increasing rate of surface SOC content than the CT among different tillage conditions, with an annual change rate of 36.1%. NTS also showed a significant increasing rate of SOC concentration (about 7%-31%) in deeper soil (<20 cm), and then improved the input of carbon. Compared with the no fertilization treatment, the fertilization measures could significantly increase SOC content in the entire profile. And, the MNPK treatment had the highest increasing rate of SOC in the surface layer (0-20 cm), which was about 0.52 g/(kg·yr). The flooded anaerobic environment formed by perennial paddy field can slow effectively down the mineralization and decomposition of organic materials and significantly increase the SOC accumulation in the surface layer (0-10 cm), with an annual growth rate of 24.84%. The topsoil carbon was leached to deeper soil (<20 cm)during different tillage, the amount of SOC sequestration had an increasing trend about 2.17%-20.29%, with the increasing of tillage years. The comparative analysis results of different farmland management measures showed that the MNPK, NTS and the paddy cultivation treatment can inhibit SOC mineralization and enhance its sequestration by protecting soil structure and maintaining the soil environmental stability. Among agricultural management measures, NTS had the best effect of soil carbon sequestration, and the annual variation rate of soil profile SOC was 11%-36%, and it should be widely popularized