减施化肥配施有机肥对荔枝生长、产量品质及肥料利用率的影响

针对我国荔枝园化肥施用量过高而存在的土壤质量下降、酸碱失衡和产量下降等问题,综合考虑荔枝养分投入量与带走量,研究减施化肥配施有机肥对荔枝生长、产量品质及肥料利用率的影响,旨在为荔枝提质增效提供施肥指导.以妃子笑荔枝为研究对象,设置单施化肥(CF)、减施化肥30％分别配施普通商品有机肥5 kg/株(OF5)和10 kg/...

Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, Quality and Fertilizer Utilization Rate in Litchi

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers led to the degradation of soil quality, resulting in soil acidification and poor yield. Based on the nutrient input and removal of litchi fertilization, the growth, yield and quality of litchi and fertilizer utilization rate were explored to study the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application, aiming to provide a theoretical basis of reasonable fertilization for improving the quality and efficiency of litchi. A field experiment of Feizixiao litchi were conducted in Hainan, including 5 treatments:100% chemical fertilizer (CF), 70% chemical fertilizer + 5 kg/plant commercial organic fertilizer (OF5), 70% chemical fertilizer + 10 kg/plant commercial organic fertilizer (OF10), 70% chemical fertilizer + 5 kg/plant bio-organic fertilizer (BIO5), 70% chemical fertilizer + 10 kg/plant bio-organic fertilizer (BIO10). The results showed that:compared with CF, OF5 significantly promoted the growth of young shoots. There were no significant differences in leaf nutrient contents among all treatments at branch or mature stages. At the second and last branch stages, the leaf nitrogen contents of OF10 and BIO5 were significantly higher than CF. The leaf nutrient contents of each treatment were in the appropriate range, and the trend were in line with the growth law of litchi. BIO5, OF10 and BIO10 significantly improved the per plant yield compared with CF. The organic fertilizer treatment could improve the internal quality of fruit, the averaged increase of soluble solid and soluble sugar contents in all organic fertilizer treatments were 1.76%-3.22% and 11.96%-21.84%, and the decrease of titratable acid content were 15.38% to 35.35%. The comprehensive evaluation result of yield and quality was BIO5>BIO10>CF>OF10>OF5. Compared with CF, the partial factor productivity of N in organic fertilizer treatments was significantly increased, BIO5 and OF10 significantly improved the partial factor productivity and agronomic utilization of N, P and K, compared with other treatments. OF10, BIO5 and BIO10 could significantly increase the economic benefits of litchi compared with OF5 and CF. Considering the growth of litchi, fruit yield and quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency and economic benefits, reducing 30% chemical fertilizer combined with 5 kg/plant (2 700 kg/hm²) bio-organic fertilizer or 10 kg/plant (5 400 kg/hm²) commercial organic fertilizer were the optimal treatments in this area.