大麻对瓜列当和向日葵列当种子萌发诱导作用研究

以宁夏回族自治区固原市当地种植的大麻为材料,采用盆栽试验探索大麻在不同生育期(苗期、快速生长期、开花期)的根际土、根、茎及叶的甲醇和水提取液对瓜列当和向日葵列当种子萌发的刺激效果。结果表明:根际土提取液刺激瓜列当种子的发芽率大于向日葵列当。大麻植株的甲醇和水提取液刺激瓜列当种子发芽率高低顺序为根茎叶,其中甲醇提取液刺激列当种子萌发率高于水提取液。根与茎的甲醇提取液刺激瓜列当和向日葵列当种子发芽率均显著相关(R2=0.833 6,P0.001和R2=0.544 4,P0.05)。植株的甲醇提取液对瓜列当种子的萌发诱导作用在快速生长期最强(45.2%),而向日葵列当种子的萌发诱导作用则在苗期最强(41.5%),水提取液对瓜列当及向日葵列当种子萌发诱导作用均在苗期表现为最强,发芽率分别为53.6%和23.7%。本研究结果表明,大麻在苗期和快速生长期可以作为列当的"捕获"作物,结论可为生物防除寄生杂草列当提供科学依据。

Melon broomrape and sunflower broomrape seeds germination induced by hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants

Rhizosphere soils and plant tissues (roots,stems and leaves) from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants were collected under pot experimental condition to study their allelopathic effect on stimulating seeds germination for both melon broomrape (Phelipanche aegytiaca Pers.) and sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) at different growth stages.The results showed that rhizosphere soil extract displayed a higher germination rate for melon broomrape than that of sunflower broomrape.The seeds germination rates,induced by methanol extracts of roots were higher than that of stems and leaves.Induction of broomrape seeds germination by methanol extracts were stronger than that of aqueous extracts.There was a significant positive correlation between the germination rates of melon broomrape,which were induced by root methanol extracts and the stem extracts (R²=0.833 6,P<0.05).There was also a significant positive correlation between the germination rates of sunflower broomrape,which were induced by hemp root methanol extracts and the stem methanol extracts (R²=0.544 4,P< 0.05).Methanol extract of the roots at seedling stage indicated the highest germination rate for sunflower broomrape seeds germination (45.2%),while melon broomrape seeds germination were appeared at fast-growing stage (41.5%).Aqueous extracts of hemp roots induced the highest germination rates on both melon and sunflower broomrape seeds at the seedling stage,with germination rates of 53.6% and 23.7%,respectively.It is indicated that hemp has potential to be used as a "catch crop" for broomrape.These results can provide a basis for the bio-control of the parasitic weeds.