雨水花园植物选择及配置——以上海共康雨水花园为例

以低影响开发模式表现的雨水花园,是构建海绵城市的绿色“海绵体”。采用实地调查与数据分析相结合的方法,针对植物的气候适应性,着重从植物选择与配置角度进行研究,对上海共康雨水花园植物配置中的林下植物景观进行记录,运用层次分析法对园内林下植物的配置效果进行评价。结果表明,共康雨水花园的常用植物以耐旱涝、根系发达的植物为主,植物种类主要包括:水杉、垂柳、紫花泡桐、红枫等乔木类,八角金盘、洒金东瀛珊瑚、红花檵木等灌木类,萱草、大吴风草、细茎针茅等草本类,芦苇、唐菖蒲、黄菖蒲、鸢尾、千屈菜、旱伞草等水生类。依据生长区域、植物观赏特性等,筛选出景观效果良好的3种林下植物配置模式:模式A,黄菖蒲+再力花+千屈菜+玉带草+香蒲+德国鸢尾;模式B,千屈菜+朱蕉+鸢尾+旱伞草+再力花+唐菖蒲+灯心草;模式C,旱伞草+德国鸢尾+鸢尾+朱蕉+萱草+再力花+黄菖蒲。

Analysis of plant selection and landscaping design for rain garden: a case study of Gongkang Rainwater Garden in Shanghai

The rain garden, which is represented by the low-impact development model, is a green “sponge” constructed in a sponge city. In view of the climate adaptability of plants, this research focused on the selection and allocation of plants and recorded the undergrowth plant landscape in plant configuration of rain garden by the methods of field survey and data analysis. Analytic hierarchy process was used to evaluate the distribution effect of undergrowth plants in the garden. The result showed that the commonly used plants in rain gardens in Gongkang Rain water Garden were mainly drought-tolerant and had well-developed roots. The main plant species were as follows: trees, such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Salix babylonica, Paulownia tomentosa, Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’; shrub species, such as Fatsia japonica, Aucuba japonica ‘Variegata’, Loropetalum chinense; herbs, such as Hemerocallis fulva, Farfugium japonicum, Stipa tenuissima; aquatic plants, such as Phragmites australis, Gladiolus× gandavensis, Iris pseudacorus, Iris tectorum, Lythrum salicaria, Cyperus alternifolius. According to the growth area and ornamental characteristics of plant, plant species and distribution pattern of undergrowth plants with good landscape effect were selected as follows: mode A, Iris pseudacorus+Thalia dealbata+Lythrum salicaria+ Phalaris arundinacea+ Typha orientalis+ Iris germanica; mode B, Lythrum salicaria+ Cordyline fruticosa+ Iris tectorum+ Cyperus alternifolius+ Thalia dealbata+ Gladiolus × gandavensis+ Juncus setchuensis; mode C, Cyperus alternifolius+ Iris germanica+ Iris tectorum+ Cordyline fruticosa+Hemerocallis fulva+Thalia dealbata+Iris pseudacorus.