中国普通野生稻遗传多样性研究进展

普通野生稻是亚洲栽培稻的祖先，中国作为亚洲栽培稻的起源地之一，蕴藏着丰富的普通野生稻资源。为了揭示中国普通野生稻的遗传多样性分布状况，探索普通野生稻的遗传变异规律、居群遗传结构以及演化途径等，为亚洲栽培稻的起源进化研究、品种改良和普通野生稻保护提供科学依据，国内外学者对中国普通野生稻开展了大量的遗传多样性研究，获得了丰富的研究结果。本文分别从遗传多样性研究方法、普通野生稻与亚洲栽培稻遗传多样性的比较、普通野生稻遗传多样性与地理分布和生态环境的关系、保护措施和栽培稻基因渗入对遗传多样性的影响等几个方面的研究结果进行了综述，总结了中国普通野生稻遗传多样性的主要特征，提出了未来我国普通野生稻遗传多样性的研究方向。

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity of Oryza rufipogon in China

Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is recognized to be the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.). As one of the origins of Asian cultivated rice, China is rich of genetic resources of common wild rice. In order to provide scientific bases for studies on the origin, evolution and variety improvement of Asian cultivated rice as well as the conservation of common wild rice, a lot of studies on genetic diversity of common wild rice in China have been carried out to reveal the distribution of genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary way of common wild rice for the last decades. This paper introduced the research methods and the application history of markers used in genetic diversity studies of common wild rice, systematically summarized the main characteristics of genetic diversity of common wild rice in China in several aspects including the abundance of genetic diversity of common wild rice, comparison of genetic diversity between common wild rice and Asian cultivated rice, the influence of geographic conditions and environments as well as gene flow from cultivated rice to the common wild rice. Based on the analyses of present studies, the authors provided their own opinion about the key points in the future research on genetic diversity of common wild rice in China.