磷肥和有机肥的产量效应与土壤积累磷的环境风险评价

 【目的】研究大量施用磷肥和有机肥对大白菜产量、土壤各形态磷积累量、土壤磷的吸附饱和度、土壤灌溉水中可溶性磷及土壤磷渗漏的影响。【方法】采用磷肥和有机肥田间定位试验的作物产量效应和土壤积累磷的环境风险相结合的方法。【结果】施用P2O5 360 kg•ha-1和有机肥150 t•ha-1显著增加大白菜的产量，过量施用磷肥和有机肥大白菜产量无显著变化；随着磷肥和有机肥用量的增加, 0～20 cm土层Olsen-P、CaCl2-P、NaOH-P、土壤灌溉滞留水中可溶性磷均显著增加，随着磷肥和有机肥用量的增加，土壤磷的吸附饱和度（DPS）增加，在施用磷肥基础上增施有机肥，土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）明显降低；20～40 cm土层Olsen-P与CaCl2-P显著增加。【结论】过量施用磷肥和有机肥白菜产量无显著变化；随磷肥和有机肥用量的增加，土壤Olsen-P、水溶性磷、生物有效磷、土壤磷的吸附饱和度及土壤灌溉滞留水中可溶性磷含量均显著增加，从而明显增加了土壤积累磷的潜在风险。

The Response of Vegetable Yield to Phosphate Fertilizer and Organic Manure and Environmental Risk Assessment of Phosphorus Accumulated in Soil

Abstract: 【Objective】The yield response of Chinese cabbage to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure , The effect of phosphorus accumulation, maximum phosphorus sorption buffering capacity, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water, the rate of leaching phosphorus were also investigated under different rates of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure; 【Method】The yield response of crop to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure and the risk assessing of loss phosphorus in soil by long-term experiment. 【Result】Results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure significantly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage , Application of P2O5 at rate of 360 kg·ha-1 or application of organic manure at rate of 150 t·ha-1 gave an yield increase significantly. The yield was not changed with excessive rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure, significantly. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The degree of phosphorus sorption saturation in soil was increased, Maximum phosphorus sorption capacity (Qm) and the index of phosphorus sorption were decreased. The content of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P were increased in the layer of 20～40 cm soil significantly，The risk of phosphorus loss was increased. 【Conclusion】The yield was not increased with excessive rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure, significantly. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The content of Olsen-P was positively correlated with CaCl2-P, NaOH-P and the degree of phosphorus sorption saturation, but the content of Olsen-P was negatively correlated with maximum phosphorus sorption capacity (Qm) and the index of phosphorus sorption. The risk of phosphorus loss was increased. Phosphorus was leached in the layer of 20～40 cm soil significantly.