芜菁花叶病毒(白菜孤丁株系)对白菜生理的影响及其与桃蚜的关系

1962年飼养并系統观察桃蚜 Myzus persicae (Sulzer) 在感染蕪菁花叶病毒(TpMV)的和健康的大白菜上的发生結果表明,病株对桃蚜不利。接种后24天,健株上的蚜虫数量为病株的1.8倍;健株上有翅若蚜占总蚜量的9.8％,而病株上达16.3％。 1964年比較测定了健株与具有不同症状(初現明脉、明显花叶、叶片严重皺縮)白菜苗的(1)含糖量、(2)全氮(可溶性氮)及非蛋白氮,以此算出蛋白氮含量、(3)細胞渗透压、吸水压,并以此算出細胞膨压。結果表明,病株比健康植株含糖量增加36.59—41.95％;全氮量与非蛋白氮含量均下降,其中非蛋白氮減少更多:由初現明脉期降低5.0％至叶片严重皺縮期降低86.7％,而蛋白氮初期有下降,后期又逐渐回升。病株的細胞渗透压增加了2％—5％,吸水压增加14.3％—42.9％,細胞膨压則下降36.3％—500.7％。从結果分析和有关文献佐証,作者認为病株不利于桃蚜的发生是由于糖/氮比增高,細胞膨压下降的結果,前者影响蚜虫的营养,后者影响蚜虫的取食量。

ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CHINESE CABBAGE INFECTED BY THE KWUTING STRAIN OF TURNIP MOSAIC VIRUS IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER)

The investigations were carried out in 1962 and 1964 in Peking. Results of the experiments demonstrate that Myzus persicae (Sulzer) prefer the healthy seedlings of Chinese cabbage to those infected by the Turnip mosaic virus (strain "Kwuting"). The total amount of the aphids on the former is 80 per cent more than on the latter. The amount of winged nymphs on healthy seedlings is 9.8 per cent of the total count, while on the infected seedlings 16.3 per cent. Analysis of the virus-infected and healthy seedlings of the Chinese cabbage revealed that the sugar content of virus-infected seedlings is 36.59 to 41.95 per cent higher than that of healthy ones, but the total soluble nitrogen and non-proteinous nitrogen are lower in the former. The decrease of non-proteinous nitrogen content is more significant, being 86.7 per cent lower than the normal. For the virus-infected seedlings the osmotic pressure is 2 to 5 per cent higher and the absorption pressure is 14.3 to 42.9 per cent higher in comparing with those of the normal ones. The imbibition pressure is therefore 36.3 to 500.7 per cent lower than that of the normal. The authors concluded that the increase of the ratio of sugar to non-proteinous nitrogen, and the decrease of the imbibition pressure of the virus-infected plants are the factors which influenced the feeding preference of aphids, and in turn their development.