不同施氮水平下小麦蚕豆间作对作物产量和蚕豆根际镰刀菌的影响

通过田间试验,研究了小麦蚕豆间作和蚕豆单作两种种植方式下,三种施氮水平(N0为0 kg hm-2,N为225 kg hm-2,N3/2为337.5 kg hm-2)对蚕豆产量和蚕豆枯萎病根际病原菌的影响,并初步探讨了间作蚕豆枯萎病根际病原菌与根际微生物区系间的关系。探讨合理的施肥及间作,使土壤微生物有利于作物的生长发育及病虫害控制。结果表明:小麦蚕豆间作显著提高了蚕豆生物量和籽粒产量,籽粒产量提高依次为:N(23.9%)>N3/(25.53%)>N(05.04%)。蚕豆根际真菌数量为间作显著高于单作,N(常规施氮水平)效果最优。间作显著抑制了镰刀菌数量,常规施氮水平镰刀菌数量最低,分别为43.0%,70.87%,76.80%。土壤中镰刀菌占真菌数量的百分比为单作明显高于间作,而且间作随着生育期变化,镰刀菌与真菌的比值逐渐降低,单作则逐渐增加。

Effects of Wheat-Fababean Intercropping on the Yield and Rhizosphere Pathogen in Different N Application Rates

Reasonable fertilization and intercropping could build up soil microorganisms and therefore benefit crop growth and pest control.A field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three N application rates(N0-0 kg hm-2,N-225 kg hm-2 and N3/2-337.5 kg hm-2) on crop yields and the rhizosphere pathogens of fababean fusarium wilt at different growth stages in wheat-faba bean intercropping.The results showed that the intercropping significantly increased the biomass and yield of faba bean,and the yield increased as N(23.9%)>N3/2(5.53%)>N0(5.04%).The rhizosphere fungal quantities under intercropping management were significantly higher than sole cropping,and N treatment(the conventional level of N) showed the best effect.The intercropping significantly inhibited the numbers of fusarium,which being lowest at the conventional level of nitrogen(N) and 43.0%,70.87% and 76.80%,respectively.The proportions of fusarium to fungi were significantly higher in sole cropping than the intercropping;furthermore,the proportions of fusarium to fungi varied over growth stages under the intercropping,and gradually increased across the growth stages in sole cropping system.