四季修剪技术对板栗密植园幼树控冠及产量的影响

以燕明、替码珍珠、紫珀、北京8号、大青杆和燕山魁6个板栗品种为试材,2005～2007年连续3 a对板栗密植园幼树嫁接后进行了四季修剪技术试验,研究四季修剪技术对树高、冠径、单位面积树冠投影抽生果枝数和产量的影响。结果表明：四季修剪能加快栗树的整形速度,促进结果,且控冠效果显著。其中,四季修剪的树,产量第2 a就与只进行冬季修剪的树（对照）产生了明显差异;第3 a树体丰满紧凑,平均产量为1 293.3 kg/hm^2,较CK增产133.9%;第4 a平均产量为2 542.8 kg/hm^2,较CK增产133.0%。而对照第3 a整形尚未完成,但新梢已部分搭接,第4 a开始郁闭。6个板栗品种中,以燕山魁栗效果最为显著。

Effects of Four Seasons Pruning on Controlling Crown and Yield of Young Trees in Close Planting Chestnut Garden

Six chestnut varieties（Yanming,Timazhenzhu,Zipo,Beijing No.8,Daqinggan and Yanshankuili） were used as materials,the effects of four seasons pruning on the plant height,crown diameter,fruit branch number in crown projection per unit area and yield in close planting chestnut garden were studied from 2005 to 2007.The results showed that four seasons pruning could accelerate the speed of forming,promote bearing,and control the crown effectively.There was obvious difference in the yield between four seasons pruning and only winter pruning in the second year.The tree was compact in the third year,the average yield was 1 293.3 kg/hm^2,which increased by 133.9%,that was 2 542.8 kg/hm^2 in the forth year,which increased by 133.0%.The control tree only with winter pruning could not complete the shaping in the third year,and it would crown closure in the forth year.The effects of the pruning technique on Yanshankuili was significant.