5种中药新疆原生地土壤背景值调查

利用野外采样与室内分析的方法对新疆维吾尔医学常用5种药材的产地土壤的化学特征进行了研究,结果表明：①阿魏和贝母对土壤有机质的要求较高,骆驼刺和骆驼蓬对土壤有机质的要求不高,罗勒对土壤有机质的要求最低;②骆驼刺、骆驼蓬和罗勒产地土壤速效钾含量极丰富,而阿魏和贝母的速效钾含量处于极低水平;阿魏、贝母、罗勒产地土壤速效磷含量处于极丰富水平,而骆驼刺产地土壤处于中等水平,骆驼蓬产地土壤速效磷处于低水平;贝母产地土壤速效氮处于丰富水平,阿魏产地土壤速效氮含量为中等水平,而罗勒、骆驼刺和骆驼蓬土壤速效氮处于低水平;③除贝母外其余几种中药产地全氮含量均不高。5种中药产地土壤全磷含量相差不大,罗勒产地土壤全钾含量处于较低水平,其它4种中药品种产地土壤全钾含量较高;④从供肥强度来看,5种药材产地土壤的供氮强度差异不大。贝母的产地土壤供磷强度、罗勒产地土壤供钾强度过高,急需补充相应化学肥料;⑤阿魏对土壤可溶性盐分的忍耐程度最高,而骆驼蓬产地土壤可溶性盐分含量最低。从土壤酸碱性来看,骆驼刺产地土壤pH值最高,达到8.10,而其他几种中药产地的pH值均处在微碱性至碱性范围。

Survey on Soil Background Value of 5 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs from Xinjiang Origin

Sampling in the field and laboratory analysis methods are used to study the soil chemical characteristics of 5 kinds of herbs from origin commonly used by Xinjiang Uygur medicine,the results showed that：（1） Asafetida and fritillaria have the higher requirements for the soil organic matter,while alhagi and harmel peganum have a lower requirements for the soil organic matter,and basil has the minimum requirements for soil organic matter;（2）The growing place for alhagi,harmel peganum and basil has a extremely rich soil available K content, while available K content at a very low level for Asafetida and fritillaria;soil available P content in the growing place of asafetida, fritillaria and basil is extremely rich, while it is in a medium level in the growing place of alhagi,the growing place for harmel peganum has a low level of soil available P;soil available nitrogen in the growing place of fritillaria is in the rich levels,soil available nitrogen content in the growing place of asafetida is in the medium level, and soil available nitrogen for basil, alhagi and harmel peganum is at a low level;（3）Except fritillaria,total nitrogen content of the rest traditional Chinese medicinal herbs are not high. Soil＇s total P contents in the growing places of the five traditional Chinese medicinal herbs was higher; the total K content in the growing place of basil is at a lower level, while the other four varieties have higher level of total soil K contents; （4）From the view of nutrientsupply strength, the nitrogen-supply strength in the growing places of the varieties differ slightly. P-supply strength in the growing place of fritillaria,and K-supply strength in the growing place of basil are overhigh,the corresponding chemical fertilizers urgently need to be replenished;（5）Asafetida has the highest degree of patience on soluble salt in soil,and the growing place of harmel peganum has the minimum soil soluble salt content. Judging from the soil pH, the growing place of alhagi has the highest soil pH val