浊漳河流域地表水环境影响因素及防治对策

近年来的人为污染对地表水环境所造成的危害日趋严重。本研究通过野外定点采样对浊漳河干、支流21个监测断面的COD、BOD₅、石油类、挥发酚、NH₃—N等项目进行了检测分析，结果表明:①浊漳河21个断面中，有18个断面的水质未能达到功能利用要求，其中9个断面水质属劣Ⅴ类；②浊漳河流域地表水体中石油类、NH₃—N、COD、BOD₅污染较为严重，其中石油类污染物在18个断面超标，超标倍数为4.8倍；③工业点污染源是造成浊漳河流域地表水体严重污染的主要因素；④城镇、工矿区居民生活污水以及农业生产中过度使用化学肥料、农药等非点源污染也是造成研究区地表水体严重污染的重要原因之一。并据此提出了相应的对策建议，为研究区下一步地表水体治理指明了方向。

Influencing Factors of Surface Water Environment and Corresponding Controlling Countermeasures in Zhuozhang River Basin

It becomes serious that surface water environment is affected by man-made pollutants in recent year.By field sampling in twenty-one fixed sections in Zhuozhang River,COD,BOD5,petroleum oil,volatile phenol and NH3—N during the periods from 2001 to 2005 were monitored and analyzed.The conclusions were drawn as follows.First,water quality in eighteen fixed sections among twenty—one ones failed to meet the functional use of the water quality requirements,nine of which were identified as worse—Ⅴ class.Second,among all the pollutants,petroleum oil contamination is the worst,exceeding in eighteen sections,over 4.8 times pollution criterion.Third,point sources of industrial pollution are main factors causing serious pollution of surface water environment.Fourth,non-point source pollution resulted from both urban or industrial mining areas and agricultural production activates such as both living sewage and excessive utilization of pesticides and chemical fertilizer are important reasons that caused more serious surface water pollution,respectively.Based on above conclusions,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are provided as references for treatment of polluted surface water bodies in study area.