基于生态足迹理论的调水工程移民生态补偿标准研究

为解决我国水资源分布不均的问题，实现水资源的合理分配和使用，跨流域调水已成为解决缺水地区水资源危机的重要手段。制定公平、合理的补偿标准，对水源区生态移民进行适当、合理的补偿，是实现持续、高效调水工程的保证，也是我国学术界和政府较为关注的热点问题之一。传统的补偿标准未能充分、客观地考虑移民的生态损失，因而不能提供合理、全面的补偿额度。本文以南水北调中线工程水源区丹江口市为例，整体考虑移民对生态环境的贡献，在生态足迹和生态承载力核算的基础上，计算移民的生态补偿额度。根据研究结果，建议生态移民的人均生态补偿额度为1 148元/a。本案例有助于推进生态移民补偿机制的研究，为研究区及其他贫困地区的生态移民补偿提供参考。

Ecological Compensation Criteria for Ecological Migrations of Water Transfer Projects Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

Large water projects are important ways to alleviate the water stress in China,which inevitably lead to large quantity of ecological immigrants.Reasonable compensation criteria for ecological compensation is extremely important for sustainable ecological projects.Traditional methods fail to calculate the full losses of local residents and lead to unreasonable and unsustainable compensation.To copy with the problems mentioned above,a new method to calculate compensation criterion for ecological immigrants was developed based on ecological footprint theory.Ecological migrations in the South-North Water Transfer Middle Route Project were taken as an example.Ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity were used to calculate the ecological contribution of immigrants.Results indicate that the recommended compensation criteria was 1 148 Yuan RMB per capita year.The current study may be served as an example for calculating the ecological compensation criteria of ecological engineerings in this region as well as other impoverished areas.