承德沙尘天气空间分布特征、成因及防治措施

基于1981—2010年承德9个气象站的沙尘天气及相关气象数据,采用统计分析和相关分析方法,对承德地区沙尘天气(包括浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴)的空间分布特征和成因进行分析并提出相应的防治措施。研究表明:承德沙尘天气呈由西北向东南沿滦河谷地递减的空间分布特征,其成因是气候因子和下垫面共同作用的结果。气候因子中大风日数的空间分布与承德沙尘天气的空间分布相关性最大,下垫面的地形以及地表性质也对该地区沙尘天气的分布产生重要影响。人类只有通过合理调整土地利用结构,加强植被保护,减轻人口对资源环境的压力才能真正达到防治沙尘灾害的目的。

The Spatial Distribution Character of Sand Dust Weathers and Its Causes and Prevention-control Measures in Chengde City

Based on sand dust weathers and related meteorological data obtained from 9 meteorological stations in Chengde City from 1981 to 2010,analysis of the character and causes of sand-dust weathers(including dust,sand and dust storms) spatial distribution was performed and the corresponding prevention-control measures in Chengde area was put forward.The results showed that: spatial distribution character was that the occurring frequency of sand-dust weathers decreases along the Luanhe River Valley from northwest to southeast and the causes were the common action results of climate factors and underlying surface.Windy days had maximum correlation in the climatic factors on spacial distribution of sand dust weather in Chengde City and the surface topography and surface properties also had important effects on spatial distribution of the sand dust weathers.Only if humans make the reasonable land use structure,strengthen vegetation protection and reduce the population pressure on resources and environment,we can achieve the purpose of prevention of sand dust disasters.